Figure 5. Model of lactoferrin iron binding-dependent inhibition of biofilm and growth.
Free iron ions promote GBS biofilm formation. Apo-lactoferrin binds iron and inhibits biofilm formation and GBS growth via iron sequestration in a process termed, “nutritional immunity”. Apo-lactoferrin binds iron and inhibits GBS adherence to gestational membranes. Both holo- and apo-lactoferrin have the capacity to repress GBS viability.