Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies
| First author, year | Country | Study design | Sample sizes ASD/controls |
Male (n) ASD/controls |
Age Mean ± SD(range) ASD/controls |
ASD diagnostic criteria | Analytical technology | Biomaterial | S100B Mean ± SD ASD/controls | Unit of measure | Adjusted confounders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abou-Donia MB,2019 | USA | Cross-sectional | 10/10 | 2/2 |
3–18 6–12 |
ADIR、ADOS、DSM-V | WB | Serum |
0.36 ± 0.19 0.20 ± 0.13 |
None | Gender, age |
| Al-Ayadhi LY,2012 | Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional | 64/46 | 50/34 |
8.4 ± 2.5 9.1 ± 2.4 |
DSM-IV | ELISA | Serum |
207.97 ± 52.6 171.33 ± 34.65 |
pg/ml | Gender, age |
| Ayaydin H,2020 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 43/41 | 30/31 |
6 ± 2.2 7 ± 2.2 |
DSM-IV | ELISA | Serum |
49.13 ± 1.57 24.33 ± 24.2 |
pg/ml | Gender, age |
| Esnafoglu E,2017 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 35/31 | 26/25 |
7.6 ± 3.62 6.85 ± 3.16 |
DSM-V | ELISA | Serum |
3.33 ± 4.19 3.42 ± 4.56 |
pg/ml | Gender, age, BMI |
| Guloksuz SA,2017 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 40/35 | 30/22 |
7.13 ± 3.89 6.75 ± 3.96 |
DSM-IV | ELISA | Plasma |
182.50 ± 34.61 48.13 ± 13.17 |
pg/ml | Gender, age, BMI |
| Ma F,2019 | China | Cross-sectional | 35/40 | 22/25 |
4.3 ± 0.5 4.4 ± 0.6 |
DSM-V | ELISA | Serum |
298,630 ± 161,140 272,440 ± 122,280 |
pg/ml | Gender, age |
| Peng ZQ,2017 | China | Cross-sectional | 65/72 | 53/61 |
1.8–9.5 2.1–9.4 |
DSM-IV | ELISA | Serum |
296,700 ± 154,690 244,390 ± 154,060 |
pg/ml | Gender, age |
| Shaker NM,2016 | Egypt | Case–control | 30/22 | 27/20 |
3–14 3–13 |
ICD-10 | ELISA | Serum |
123.8 ± 123.4 112.8 ± 9.3 |
pg/ml | Gender, age, socioeconomic status |
| Tomova A,2019 | Slovak Republic | Cross-sectional | 89/34 | 89/34 |
2–16 2–12 |
DSM-V、ADOS-2、ADIR | ELISA | Plasma |
33.04 ± 31.6 23.26 ± 16.7 |
pg/ml | Gender, age |
| Zhou YY,2015 | China | Cross-sectional | 40/40 | 32/30 |
2–5 2–5 |
ABC | ELISA | Serum |
195.43 ± 41.62 151.88 ± 21.06 |
pg/ml | Gender, age |