Table 2.
Geometric Mean Biomarker Concentrations and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) by Tobacco User Group, in PATH Study Wave 1, 2013–2014
| Primary STa Usersb | Secondary STa Usersc | Exclusive Cigarette Smokers | Dual Users of Cigarettes and STa | Former Smokers and Never STa Users | Never Tobacco Users | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-6d (pg/mL) | n=59 | n=216 | n=1823 | n=112 | n=186 | n=958 |
| 1.7 (1.4, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.6) | 1.8 (1.7, 1.9) | 1.6 (1.4, 1.8) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) | 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) | |
| hs-CRPe (mg/mL) | n=59 | n=221 | n=1888 | n=113 | n=194 | n=981 |
| 2.0 (1.5, 2.7) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5)† | 1.8 (1.7, 2.0) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.8)† | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9)† | 1.5 (1.3, 1.7) | |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | n=54 | n=209 | n=1828 | n=107 | n=187 | n=955 |
| 308.7 (286.6, 332.4) | 293.7 (279.5, 308.5) | 331.7 (324.8, 338.7) | 304.3 (291.3, 317.8) | 313.6 (294.6, 333.8) | 321.2 (314.2, 328.3) | |
| sICAM-1f (ng/mL) | n=59 | n=216 | n=1854 | n=113 | n=193 | n=970 |
| 232.9 (213.3, 254.3) | 232.1 (221.0, 243.7) | 271.7 (260.4, 283.5) | 273.4 (259.7, 287.9) | 209.6 (191.6, 229.3) | 211.3 (203.9, 219.0) | |
| 8-isoprostaneg (ng/g creatinine) | n=59 | n=219 | n=1877 | n=112 | n=191 | n=976 |
| 382.0 (313.6, 465.5) | 381.7 (351.5, 414.5) | 573.6 (550.6, 597.5) | 512.5 (459.9, 571.1) | 444.1 (394.6, 499.9) | 365.4 (350.6, 380.8) |
Relative Standard Error (RSE)>30% with
ST products: pouched snus, loose snus, moist snuff, dip, spit and chewing tobacco
Primary ST users = using ST regularly, every day or some days, not using any other tobacco products, no NRT use in the past three days, and never smoked in their lifetime.
Secondary ST users = using ST regularly, every day or some days, not using any other tobacco products, no NRT use in the past three days, and smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but not smoking currently.
IL-6: Interleukin-6
hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
sICAM-1: soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1
F2-isoprostane was measured as the 8-isoprostane (8-PGF2a) isomer