Table 3.
PEth sensitivity (≥8 ng/mL) overall and by demographic and biologic variables, all observations. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are from separate mixed effects models, adjusted for AUDIT-C ( N=4073).
| Variable | n PEth positive (≥8 ng/mL)/N (%) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 3,332/4,073 (81.8%) | ||
| AUDIT-C score | |||
| Medium (4–5 men/3–5 women) | 1,430/1,851 (77.3%) | 1.00 | |
| High (6–7) | 801/963 (83.2%) | 1.81 (1.37–2.39) | <0.001 |
| Very high (8–12) | 1,101/1,259 (87.5%) | 2.89 (1.79–4.66) | <0.001 |
| AUDIT-C, from quadratic model | |||
| 6 vs 4 | 1.86 (1.47–2.36) | <0.001 | |
| 10 vs 4 | 3.59 (2.26–5.71) | <0.001 | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 2,266/2,756 (82.2%) | 1.00 | |
| Female | 1,066/1,317 (80.9%) | 0.82 (0.58–1.17) | 0.273 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 987/1,228 (80.4%) | 1.00 | |
| African | 1,368/1,572 (87.0%) | 2.20 (0.74–6.59) | 0.157 |
| African American | 681/893 (76.3%) | 1.37 (1.02–1.84) | 0.036 |
| Other | 296/380 (77.9%) | 1.18 (0.75–1.87) | 0.481 |
| Age | |||
| 15–24 | 391/546 (71.6%) | 1.00 | |
| 25–34 | 1,013/1,198 (84.6%) | 1.15 (0.72–1.83) | 0.557 |
| 35–44 | 837/961 (87.1%) | 1.44 (0.66–3.16) | 0.358 |
| 45–54 | 643/810 (79.4%) | 1.41 (0.67–2.99) | 0.370 |
| 55+ | 448/558 (80.3%) | 1.44 (0.67–3.05) | 0.358 |
| Age, from quadratic model | |||
| 30 vs 20 | 1.49 (0.97–2.29) | 0.066 | |
| 40 vs 20 | 1.90 (0.94–3.84) | 0.072 | |
| 50 vs 20 | 2.07 (0.90–4.74) | 0.085 | |
| 60 vs 20 | 1.93 (0.84–4.40) | 0.120 | |
| Method of blood collection | |||
| Finger-prick | 436/568 (76.8%) | 1.00 | |
| Venous | 2,896/3,505 (82.6%) | 1.52 (0.60–3.83) | 0.377 |
| Body mass index | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 229/247 (92.7%) | 1.00 | |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 1,655/1,895 (87.3%) | 0.72 (0.44–1.17) | 0.154 |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 576/731 (78.8%) | 0.50 (0.32–0.79) | 0.003 |
| Obese (>=30) | 325/427 (76.1%) | 0.44 (0.28–0.69) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, per 5 units | 0.76 (0.68–0.84) | <0.001 | |
| Hemoglobin* | |||
| Moderate/severe anemia | 121/165 (73.3%) | 1.00 | |
| Mild anemia | 316/400 (79.0%) | 1.71 (1.05–2.79) | 0.031 |
| No anemia | 2,058/2,412 (85.3%) | 2.19 (1.34–3.59) | 0.002 |
| High hemoglobin | 132/140 (94.3%) | 3.54 (1.42–8.85) | 0.009 |
| Hemoglobin, per 5 units | 1.94 (1.41–2.65) | <0.001 | |
| HIV status | |||
| Negative | 615/756 (81.3%) | 1.00 | |
| Positive | 2,533/3,026 (83.7%) | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 0.691 |
| FIB-4 score | |||
| No/mild fibrosis: <1.45 | 923/1,169 (79.0%) | 1.00 | |
| 1.45–3.25 | 471/574 (82.1%) | 1.31 (1.05–1.63) | 0.017 |
| Advanced fibrosis: >3.25 | 161/183 (88.0%) | 1.83 (1.24–2.71) | 0.002 |
*
Hemoglobin (HGB) cutoffs: Moderate/severe anemia: <11 g/dL HGB; Mild anemia =<12 g/dL HGB for women, <13 g/dL HGB for men; No anemia: 12–15.5 g/dL HGB for women, 13–17.5 HGB for men; High hemoglobin: >15.5 g/dL for women, >17.5 g/dL for men.