Table 2.
Black-White disparities in maternal in-hospital mortality overall and by hospital teaching and Black-serving status
| Hospital Type | n (col %) | Deaths n (ratio per 100,000 live births) | Black-White Unadjusted (Observed) RR (95% CI) | Black-White Expected* RR (95% CI) | Black-White Adjusted^ RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All hospitals | |||||
| Black patients | 835,120 (14.7) | 96 (11.5) | 2.38 (1.89–3.02) | 1.65 (1.51–1.79) | 1.44 (1.17–1.79) |
| White patients | 4,843,924 (85.3) | 234 (4.8) | ref | ref | ref |
| Teaching status | |||||
| Teaching | |||||
| Black patients | 227,249 (24.8) | 30 (13.2) | 1.86 (1.18–2.93) | 1.31 (1.20–1.45) | 1.42 (0.90–2.15) |
| White patients | 689,526 (75.2) | 49 (7.1) | ref | ref | ref |
| Non-teaching | |||||
| Black patients | 607,871 (12.8) | 66 (10.9) | 2.44 (1.84–3.23) | 1.72 (1.57–1.87) | 1.42 (1.09–1.86) |
| White patients | 4,154,398 (87.2) | 185 (4.5) | ref | ref | ref |
| Black-serving status | |||||
| Non-Black-serving | |||||
| Black patients | 189,474 (5.1) | 20 (10.6) | 2.56 (1.61–4.09) | 1.82 (1.67–1.98) | 1.41 (0.88–2.16) |
| White patients | 3,519,616 (94.9) | 145 (4.1) | ref | ref | ref |
| Black-serving | |||||
| Black patients | 645,646 (32.8) | 76 (11.8) | 1.75 (1.29–2.38) | 1.42 (1.31–1.53) | 1.23 (0.95–1.69) |
| White patients | 1,324,308 (67.2) | 89 (6.7) | ref | ref | ref |
*
Expected calculated using predictions from logistic regression model to predict death that included maternal age, insurance, gestational age at delivery, multiple gestations, mode of delivery, rurality, year, pregnancy comorbid conditions (chronic hypertension, chronic cardiac disease, diabetes, chronic renal disease), and state of delivery (CA, MO, PA)
^
Adjusted RR calculated as (Black O:E)/(White O:E), O:E observed/expected