Table 2:
Descriptive Statistics for Individuals with Dry Eye (DE) Symptoms and No History of Refractive Surgery Grouped by Microneuroma (MN) Presence
| Parameter | MNs Present (n=26) | MNs Absent (n=93) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years), mean, SD | 55.6, 13.8 | 58.7, 15.4 | 0.35 | |
| Male sex, % (n) | 61.5% (16) | 74.2% (69) | 0.21 | |
| Hispanic, % (n) | 34.6% (9) | 19.6% (18) | 0.11 | |
| White, % (n) | 50.0% (13) | 53.3% (49) | 0.77 | |
| Current Smoker, % (n) | 15.4% (4) | 22.6% (21) | 0.43 | |
| Major Depressive Disorder | 30.8% (8) | 37.6% (35) | 0.52 | |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 19.2% (5) | 21.5% (20) | 0.80 | |
| Comorbidities, % (n) | ||||
| Hypertension | 57.7% (15) | 59.1% (55) | 0.90 | |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 19.2% (5) | 26.9% (25) | 0.43 | |
| Migraine | 34.6% (9) | 40.9% (38) | 0.57 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 15.4% (4) | 9.7% (9) | 0.41 | |
| Traumatic Brain Injury | 3.8% (1) | 3.2% (3) | 0.88 | |
| Peripheral Neuropathy | 3.8% (1) | 10.8% (10) | 0.28 | |
| Autoimmune Disease* | 11.5% (3) | 7.6% (7) | 0.53 | |
| Sjögren’s Syndrome | 19.2% (5) | 15.2% (14) | 0.62 | |
| Ocular History, % (n) | ||||
| Glaucoma | 0.0% (0) | 10.8% (10) | 0.08 | |
| Cataract Surgery | OD | 7.7% (2) | 21.5% (20) | 0.11 |
| OS | 11.5% (3) | 16.1% (15) | 0.56 | |
| Glaucoma Surgery** | OD | 0.0% (0) | 3.2% (3) | 0.35 |
| OS | 0.0% (0) | 4.3% (4) | 0.28 | |
| Systemic Medications, % (n) | ||||
| Anti-hypertensive | 57.7% (15) | 59.8% (55) | 0.85 | |
| Anti-diabetic | 15.4% (4) | 19.8% (18) | 0.61 | |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory | 30.8% (8) | 43.5% (40) | 0.24 | |
| Acetaminophen | 26.9% (7) | 10.9% (10) | 0.10 | |
| α2γ ligand (gabapentin or pregabalin) | 38.5% (10) | 39.1% (36) | 0.95 | |
| Anti-migraine (triptan) | 11.5% (3) | 12.0% (11) | 0.95 | |
| Anti-depressant (SSRI, SNRI, mirtazapine, TCA) | 50.0% (13) | 44.6% (41) | 0.62 | |
| Doxycycline | 3.8% (1) | 7.6% (7) | 0.50 | |
| Topical Medications, % (n) | ||||
| Artificial Tears | 69.2% (18) | 78.3% (72) | 0.34 | |
| Anti-histamine | 15.4% (4) | 9.8% (9) | 0.42 | |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory | 0.0% (0) | 2.2% (2) | 0.45 | |
| Corticosteroid | 3.8% (1) | 5.4% (5) | 0.75 | |
| Cyclosporine | 38.5% (10) | 33.7% (31) | 0.65 | |
| Lifitegrast | 7.7% (2) | 8.7% (8) | 0.87 | |
| Autologous Serum Tears | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | -- | |
| Anti-hypertensive | 0.0% (0) | 6.5% (6) | 0.18 | |
SD=standard deviation; n=number in group
*
Includes autoimmune vasculitides (temporal arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangitis, Behcet’s syndrome), sarcoidosis, rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis
**
Excludes peripheral iridotomy