Table 1.
Patient Characteristics at CMR-1
| Characteristic | All patients (n=85) |
Stable fibrosis (n=70) |
Progressive fibrosis (n=15) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 56±15 | 56±16 | 56±14 | 0.73 |
| Female gender | 38 (45%) | 32 (46%) | 6 (40%) | 0.78 |
| Non-Caucasian race | 32 (38%) | 23 (33%) | 9 (60%) | 0.07 |
| Clinical History | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 15 (18%) | 11 (16%) | 4 (27%) | 0.45 |
| Hypertension | 44 (52%) | 33 (47%) | 11 (73%) | 0.09 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 40 (47%) | 33 (47%) | 7 (47%) | 0.78 |
| NYHA functional class* | 0.04 | |||
| I | 48 (57%) | 43 (61%) | 5 (33%) | |
| II | 14 (17%) | 8 (11%) | 6 (40%) | |
| III | 19 (22%) | 15 (21%) | 4 (27%) | |
| IV | 4 (5%) | 4 (6%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 32 (38%) | 29 (41%) | 3 (20%) | 0.15 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.7±5.8 | 28.3±5.8 | 30.2±5.4 | 0.22 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125±18 | 124±17 | 127±22 | 0.67 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74±12 | 74±11 | 71±13 | 0.20 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 77±17 | 77±15 | 79±24 | 0.83 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| Serum sodium (mmol/l) | 139.0±2.71 | 139.2±2.4 | 138.2±4.0 | 0.58 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.4) | 1.0 (0.6) | 0.31 |
| Medications | ||||
| ACE-Inhibitor | 49 (58%) | 39 (56%) | 10 (67%) | 0.56 |
| ARB | 11 (13%) | 10 (14%) | 1 (7%) | 0.68 |
| Beta-blocker | 58 (68%) | 49 (70%) | 9 (60%) | 0.54 |
| Calcium-channel blocker | 18 (21%) | 15 (21%) | 3 (20%) | 1.00 |
| Nitrates | 3 (4%) | 3 (4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Hydralazine | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Loop diuretics | 31 (37%) | 25 (36%) | 6 (40%) | 0.77 |
| Spironolactone | 12 (14%) | 11 (16%) | 1 (7%) | 0.68 |
| Digoxin | 13 (15%) | 8 (11%) | 5 (33%) | 0.05 |
| Aspirin | 42 (49%) | 35 (50%) | 7 (47%) | 1.00 |
| Warfarin | 26 (31%) | 23 (33%) | 3 (20%) | 0.54 |
| Statin | 24 (28%) | 21 (30%) | 3 (20%) | 0.54 |
| EKG | ||||
| QRS (ms) | 104±27 | 105±28 | 99±19 | 0.77 |
| QTc (ms) | 454±36 | 455±36 | 452±35 | 0.69 |
| Left bundle branch block† | 19 (22%) | 18 (26%) | 1 (7%) | 0.17 |
| Right bundle branch block‡ | 12 (14%) | 10 (14%) | 2 (13%) | 1.00 |
Values are mean±SD or median (interquartile range).
*
NYHA functional class was documented at the time of study enrollment; p value pertains to the comparison between the groups with stable and progressive fibrosis in the distribution of patients according to NYHA class.
†
Minnesota codes 7-1-1.
‡
Minnesota codes 7-2-1 and 7-2-2.
ACE-Inhibitor = angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker, CMR = cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, NYHA = New York Heart Association.