Table 4.
Predictors of all-cause mortality (CMR-2).
| Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (c-statistic 0.78) | Model 2 (c-statistic 0.79) | |||||
| Parameter | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) |
P value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
P value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
P value |
| Progressive fibrosis (presence) | 3.6 (1.6–8.0) | <0.01 | 3.4 (1.5–7.9) | <0.01 | - | - |
| Progressive fibrosis (extent, % LV mass) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | <0.01 | - | - | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | <0.01 |
| Age (yrs) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| Female gender | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | 0.27 | - | - | - | - |
| Non-Caucasian race | 1.4 (0.7–3.0) | 0.34 | - | - | - | - |
| Clinical History | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 0.42 | - | - | - | - |
| Hypertension | 2.1 (0.9–4.8) | 0.08 | - | - | - | - |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.7 (0.8–3.7) | 0.21 | - | - | - | - |
| NYHA functional class | ||||||
| II | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) | 0.76 | - | - | - | - |
| III | 2.4 (0.8–6.9) | 0.12 | - | - | - | - |
| IV | 2.7 (1.0–7.6) | 0.05 | - | - | - | - |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 2.7 (1.2–5.8) | 0.02 | 5.3 (2.1–13.3) | <0.01 | 5.0 (2.1–12.6) | <0.01 |
| Body mass index, per 5 kg/m2 | 0.8 (1.0–1.3) | 0.08 | - | - | - | - |
| Systolic blood pressure, per 10 mmHg | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.24 | - | - | - | - |
| Diastolic blood pressure, per 10 mmHg | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.67 | - | - | - | - |
| Heart rate, per 10 beats/min | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.34 | - | - | - | - |
| Laboratory results | ||||||
| Serum sodium, per 5 mmol/l | 1.0 (0.5–2.1) | 0.94 | - | - | - | - |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | <0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| Medications | ||||||
| ACE-Inhibitor | 3.0 (1.2–7.4) | 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| ARB | 0.9 (0.3–2.6) | 0.85 | - | - | - | - |
| Beta-blocker | 1.5 (0.5–4.3) | 0.47 | - | - | - | - |
| Calcium-channel blocker | 0.9 (0.4–2.2) | 0.86 | - | - | - | - |
| Nitrates | 0.9 (0.2–3.8) | 0.87 | - | - | - | - |
| Hydralazine | 1.3 (0.3–5.3) | 0.76 | - | - | - | - |
| Loop diuretics | 1.3 (0.6–2.9) | 0.44 | - | - | - | - |
| Spironolactone | 1.9 (0.8–4.6) | 0.13 | - | - | - | - |
| Digoxin | 2.1 (0.9–5.2) | 0.11 | - | - | - | - |
| Amiodarone | 0.8 (0.2–3.5) | 0.80 | - | - | - | - |
| Aspirin | 2.5 (1.1–5.9) | 0.03 | - | - | - | - |
| Warfarin | 1.4 (0.6–2.9) | 0.43 | - | - | - | - |
| Statin | 2.5 (1.2–5.2) | 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| Insulin | 2.4 (0.8–7.1) | 0.11 | - | - | - | - |
| Oral anti-diabetic | 1.3 (0.5–3.8) | 0.61 | - | - | - | - |
| ECG | ||||||
| QRS, per 10 ms | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.42 | - | - | - | - |
| QTc, per 50 ms | 1.7 (1.1–2.7) | 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| Left bundle branch block | 3.2 (1.3–7.6) | <0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| Right bundle branch block | 1.1 (0.2–8.9) | 0.94 | - | - | - | - |
| Device therapy | ||||||
| ICD | 1.6 (0.5–4.5) | 0.68 | - | - | - | - |
| CRT-D | 1.9 (0.8–4.5) | 0.13 | - | - | - | - |
| CMR parameters | ||||||
| LVEF (%), per 5% | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | <0.01 | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | <0.01 | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | <0.01 |
| Change in LVEF (%), per 5% | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | <0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| LVESV (mL), per 10 mL | 1.1 (1.0–1.1) | <0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| LVEDV (mL), per 10 mL | 1.1 (1.0–1.1) | 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| LVSV (mL), per 10 mL | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.21 | - | - | - | - |
| RVEF (%), per 5% | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| LA diameter (cm), per 1 cm | 1.7 (1.1–2.4) | 0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| Fibrosis presence | 3.9 (1.6–9.0) | <0.01 | - | - | - | - |
ACE-Inhibitor = angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker, CRT-D= cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator, EKG = electrocardiogram, EDV = enddiastolic volume, ESV = endsystolic volume, ICD = implantable cardioverter defibrillator, LA = left atrium, LV = left ventricular, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events, NYHA = New York Heart Association, RVEF = right ventricular ejection fraction.