Table 1.
Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of patients in training cohort and validation cohort
| Variables | All patients (N = 1045) |
Training set (N = 696) |
Validation set (N = 349) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | 0.966 | |||
| Male | 730 (69.9%) | 487 (70.0%) | 243 (69.6%) | |
| Female | 315 (30.1%) | 209 (30.0%) | 106 (30.4%) | |
| Age, years | 67.31 ± 13.60 | 66.70 ± 13.90 | 68.54 ± 12.90 | 0.039 |
| Etiology, n (%) | 0.759 | |||
| Diabetic | 271 (25.9%) | 177 (25.4%) | 94 (26.9%) | |
| Nephrosclerosis | 411 (39.3%) | 270 (38.8%) | 141 (40.4%) | |
| Glomerulonephritis | 197 (18.9%) | 137 (19.7%) | 60 (17.2%) | |
| Others | 166 (15.9%) | 112 (16.1%) | 54 (15.5%) | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.97 ± 2.28 | 12.02 ± 2.29 | 11.87 ± 2.26 | 0.304 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 3.85 ± 0.63 | 3.87 ± 0.63 | 3.82 ± 0.64 | 0.211 |
| Creatinine, g/dL | 2.26 ± 1.72 | 2.25 ± 1.72 | 2.28 ± 1.71 | 0.825 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 32.95 ± 18.82 | 33.15 ± 18.78 | 32.56 ± 18.90 | 0.632 |
| Proteinuria, n (%) | 0.919 | |||
| Negative | 381 (36.5%) | 255 (36.6%) | 126 (36.1%) | |
| Positive | 664 (63.5%) | 441 (63.4%) | 223 (63.9%) | |
| Urinary occult blood, n (%) | 0.361 | |||
| Negative | 689 (65.9%) | 466 (67.0%) | 223 (63.9%) | |
| Positive | 356 (34.1%) | 230 (33.0%) | 126 (36.1%) | |
| UPCR, g/gCr | 2.17 ± 3.24 | 2.04 ± 2.98 | 2.42 ± 3.69 | 0.073 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0.864 | |||
| No | 101 (9.7%) | 66 (9.5%) | 35 (10.0%) | |
| Yes | 944 (90.3%) | 630 (90.5%) | 314 (90.0%) | |
| History of CVD, n (%) | 0.183 | |||
| No | 765 (73.2%) | 519 (74.6%) | 246 (70.5%) | |
| Yes | 280 (26.8%) | 177 (25.4%) | 103 (29.5%) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0.693 | |||
| No | 651 (62.3%) | 437 (62.8%) | 214 (61.3%) | |
| Yes | 394 (37.7%) | 259 (37.2%) | 135 (38.7%) | |
| Use of RAAS inhibitor, n (%) | 0.047 | |||
| No | 380 (36.4%) | 238 (34.2%) | 142 (40.7%) | |
| Yes | 665 (63.6%) | 458 (65.8%) | 207 (59.3%) | |
| Use of calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 0.616 | |||
| No | 547 (52.3%) | 360 (51.7%) | 187 (53.6%) | |
| Yes | 498 (47.7%) | 336 (48.3%) | 162 (46.4%) | |
| Use of diuretics, n (%) | 0.154 | |||
| No | 694 (66.4%) | 473 (68.0%) | 221 (63.3%) | |
| Yes | 351 (33.6%) | 223 (32.0%) | 128 (36.7%) | |
| Vital status, n (%) | 0.773 | |||
| Alive | 972 (93.0%) | 649 (93.2%) | 323 (92.6%) | |
| Deceased | 73(7.0%) | 47(6.8%) | 26 (7.4%) | |
| CKD progression, n (%) | 0.479 | |||
| No | 785 (75.1%) | 528 (75.9%) | 257 (73.6%) | |
| Yes | 260 (24.9%) | 168 (24.1%) | 92 (26.4%) |