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. 2021 Jul 3;22:194. doi: 10.1186/s12931-021-01785-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6. — 3-DZNeP lessens the in vivo and in vitro epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. A Lung tissue lysates on Day 14 after intratracheal LPS or PBS in the control, control + 3-DZNeP, ALI, ALI + 3-DZNeP groupswere subjected to immunoblot analysis with specific antibodies against TGF-β1, TGF-βR1, p-Smad2, Smad7 and GAPDH. B Expression levels of TGF-β1, TGF-βR1, p-Smad2 and Smad7were quantified by densitometry and normalized using GAPDH. C BALF was harvested on Day 1, Day 3, Day 7 and Day14 after intratracheal LPS in the control, control + 3-DZNeP, ALI, ALI + 3-DZNeP groups. The expression levels of TGF-β1 were measured by ELISA. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM. (n = 9–15/group, * P < 0.05 vs. control or 3-DZNeP group, #P < 0.05 vs. ALI group, determined by one-way ANOVA for multiple group comparisons). D, E Alveolar macrophages isolating from different treatment ALI mice on Day 14 after intratracheal LPS or PBS were co-cultured with mouse lung epithelial cell lines (MLE-12). Cell lysates were subjected to immunoblot analysis with specific antibodies against α-SMA, Collagen I, E-cadherin, TGF-βR1, p-Smad2, Smad7 and GAPDH (D).Expression levels of α-SMA, Collagen I, E-cadherin, TGF-βR1, p-Smad2, Smad7 were quantified by densitometry and normalized using GAPDH. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM. (n = 4–6/group, *P < 0.05 vs. control or 3-DZNeP group, ^#P < 0.05 vs. ALI group, determined by one-way ANOVA for multiple group comparisons)