Table 2.
Risk of Severe COVID-19 Infection (Hospitalization or Death Caused by COVID-19) by Chronic Condition Categories
| Chronic condition category | N at risk (%) | N of severe infections | Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin disorders | 3473 (35.0) | 254 | 2.18 (1.82, 2.61) | 1.13 (0.94, 1.37) |
| Osteoarthritis, joint disorders | 3084 (31.1) | 274 | 3.11 (2.60, 3.74) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.29) |
| Other endocrine disorders | 2574 (25.9) | 282 | 4.36 (3.63, 5.23) | 1.67 (1.37, 2.05)b |
| Back problems | 2466 (24.8) | 261 | 3.83 (3.19, 4.59) | 1.53 (1.27, 1.85)b |
| Anxiety, depression, bipolar disorders | 2337 (23.5) | 183 | 2.08 (1.73, 2.50) | 1.49 (1.23, 1.81)b |
| Chronic neurologic disorders | 2090 (21.1) | 268 | 5.10 (4.26, 6.12) | 1.76 (1.45, 2.15)b |
| Other upper respiratory tract disease | 1949 (19.6) | 154 | 2.00 (1.65, 2.43) | 1.29 (1.06, 1.57)b |
| Headache | 1817 (18.3) | 147 | 2.05 (1.68, 2.49) | 1.56 (1.28, 1.91)b |
| Arrhythmias | 1673 (16.9) | 239 | 5.29 (4.42, 6.34) | 1.72 (1.40, 2.10)b |
| Disorders of lipid metabolism | 1662 (16.7) | 281 | 7.73 (6.43, 9.28) | 1.50 (1.20, 1.86)b |
| Hypertension | 1544 (15.6) | 276 | 8.12 (6.76, 9.74) | 1.50 (1.20, 1.88)b |
| Diabetes | 1460 (14.7) | 236 | 6.12 (5.11, 7.33) | 1.38 (1.13, 1.69)b |
| Esophageal disorders | 1334 (13.4) | 169 | 3.72 (3.08, 4.49) | 1.38 (1.13, 1.67)b |
| Conditions associated with dizziness or vertigo | 1060 (10.7) | 117 | 2.83 (2.30, 3.49) | 1.28 (1.04, 1.59)b |
| Substance use disorders | 1022 (10.3) | 78 | 1.75 (1.37, 2.23) | 1.42 (1.09, 1.84)b |
| Deficiency and other anemia | 870 (8.8) | 154 | 5.36 (4.43, 6.50) | 1.76 (1.43, 2.17)b |
| Asthma | 777 (7.8) | 65 | 1.90 (1.46, 2.47) | 1.38 (1.06, 1.80)b |
| Biliary and liver disorders | 767 (7.7) | 143 | 5.54 (4.55, 6.74) | 2.07 (1.70, 2.54)b |
| Thyroid disorders | 761 (7.7) | 121 | 4.38 (3.56, 5.38) | 1.67 (1.34, 2.09)b |
| Bowel disorders | 730 (7.4) | 116 | 4.29 (3.48, 5.29) | 1.28 (1.02, 1.59)b |
| Cancer | 688 (6.9) | 105 | 4.02 (3.24, 5.00) | 1.24 (0.98, 1.56) |
| Peripheral venous disorders | 683 (6.9) | 105 | 4.05 (3.26, 5.03) | 1.32 (1.06, 1.66)b |
| Hematologic disorders | 674 (6.8) | 140 | 6.26 (5.14, 7.63) | 2.24 (1.82, 2.76)b |
| Obstructive pulmonary disorders | 668 (6.7) | 117 | 4.84 (3.93, 5.96) | 1.76 (1.42, 2.19)b |
| Ischemic heart disease | 584 (5.9) | 151 | 8.36 (6.89, 10.14) | 1.86 (1.50, 2.31)b |
| Attention-deficit, conduct, and disruptive behavior disorder | 443 (4.5) | 13 | 0.60 (0.35, 1.04) | 1.35 (0.77, 2.37) |
| Heart-valve disorders | 429 (4.3) | 89 | 5.52 (4.39, 6.96) | 1.46 (1.14, 1.87)b |
| Peripheral and central vascular disorders | 359 (3.6) | 106 | 8.74 (7.04, 10.85) | 1.56 (1.23, 1.99)b |
| Chronic kidney disease | 344 (3.5) | 119 | 10.9 (8.85, 13.42) | 1.89 (1.48, 2.40)b |
| Heart failure | 308 (3.1) | 114 | 11.66 (9.44, 14.4) | 2.44 (1.93, 3.09)b |
| Gastric and duodenal ulcer | 294 (3.0) | 45 | 3.64 (2.68, 4.95) | 1.50 (1.10, 2.05)b |
| Gout and other crystal arthropathies | 188 (1.9) | 43 | 5.57 (4.07, 7.62) | 1.17 (0.85, 1.62) |
| Osteoporosis | 186 (1.9) | 56 | 7.92 (5.99, 10.47) | 1.69 (1.25, 2.30)b |
| Other diseases of bladder and urethra | 172 (1.7) | 39 | 5.58 (4.02, 7.74) | 1.41 (1.00, 1.98) |
| Epilepsy, convulsions | 164 (1.7) | 24 | 3.36 (2.23, 5.07) | 2.05 (1.36, 3.10)b |
| Developmental disorders | 132 (1.3) | 11 | 1.80 (0.99, 3.27) | 3.05 (1.67, 5.57)b |
| Rheumatoid arthritis and related disease | 131 (1.3) | 21 | 3.59 (2.32, 5.56) | 1.11 (0.71, 1.72) |
| Hepatitis | 121 (1.2) | 21 | 3.98 (2.57, 6.16) | 1.69 (1.08, 2.65)b |
| Central nervous system vascular ischemia | 102 (1.0) | 28 | 6.77 (4.62, 9.91) | 1.28 (0.86,1.90) |
| Personality disorders | 82 (0.8) | 11 | 3.01 (1.65, 5.47) | 3.08 (1.68, 5.65)b |
| Tuberculosis | 66 (0.7) | 7 | 2.29 (1.09, 4.83) | 1.81 (0.84, 3.86) |
| Affective disorders, schizophrenia, other psychoses | 64 (0.6) | 19 | 7.53 (4.76, 11.92) | 3.53 (2.21, 5.62)b |
| Paralysis | 64 (0.6) | 17 | 6.48 (3.99, 10.52) | 2.04 (1.25, 3.33)b |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus and connective tissue disorders | 55 (0.6) | 9 | 3.71 (1.92, 7.17) | 1.78 (0.92, 3.45) |
Chronic condition categories are listed in descending order of frequency of occurrence in the population. The reference population for each analysis is all persons without the chronic condition. Conditions that remained significant after adjustment are highlighted in bold type.
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval.
a
Adjusted for age (continuous variable), sex, race, ethnicity, BMI category, and smoking status.
b
Significant after adjustment for the false discovery rate.