Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the population.
| Variables | EAT-volume; median = 3.13 ± 1.26 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| EAT volume | |||
| Above median | Below median | ||
| Age, years | 60.7 ± 7.7 | 56.5 ± 8.4 | <.0001 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 387 (77.7) | 393 (78.9) | .645 |
| Smoking habits, n (%) | 114 (22.9) | 111 (22.3) | .820 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 85 (17.1) | 39 (7.8) | <.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 366 (73.5) | 326 (65.5) | .006 |
| Physical inactivity, n (%) | 242 (48.6) | 187 (37.6) | <.0001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 303 (60.8) | 206 (41.4) | <.0001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 139.3 ± 18 | 132.8 ± 17.1 | <.0001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 86.2 ± 10.9 | 82 ± 10.3 | <.0001 |
| Alcohol, gr/day | 7.2 (34-167) | 1.1 (29.9-287) | .002 |
| Alcohol intake # , n (%) | 247 (49.6) | 204 (41) | .006 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.8 ± 4.4 | 26.5 ± 3.8 | <.0001 |
| Fast glucose, mg/dl | 102 (93-113) | 97 (90-105) | <.0001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 204 (180-232) | 204.5 (182-232) | .598 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 130 (97-189) | 114 (84-167) | <.0001 |
| LDL, mg/dl | 125.1 (105.6-150) | 127.6 (106.6-149.2) | .370 |
| HDL, mg/dl | 47 (41-56) | 49.5 (42-59) | .006 |
| Apolipoprotein B, mg/dl | 93.4 (61.8-109.3) | 93.4 (58.8-114.2) | .435 |
| Lipoprotein (a), mg/dl | 14.1 (8.8-24.7) | 13.8 (9-26.2) | .735 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dl | 374.5 (328-424) | 365.5 (318-405) | .014 |
| Homocysteine, mg/dl | 11.8 (10.2-13.6) | 11.4 (9.6-12.8) | <.0001 |
| Homocysteine >10 mg/dl, n (%) | 383 (76.9) | 348 (69.9) | .012 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 2.7 (1.5-4.9) | 2.5 (1-2.9) | <.0001 |
| hsCRP > 3, n (%) | 187 (37.6) | 117 (23.5) | <.0001 |
| PWV, m/s | 8.5 ± 1.9 | 8.1 ± 1.5 | <.0001 |
| PWV >10 m/s, n (%) | 79 (15.9) | 44 (8.8) | .001 |
| Heart rate | 73.5 ± 11.5 | 70.1 ± 10.9 | <.0001 |
| Leucocytes, mg/dl | 6.7 (5.8-7.9) | 6.4 (5.4-7.5) | .005 |
| Hemoglobin, mg/dl | 14.8 (14.1-15.5) | 14.8 (14.1-15.5) | .873 |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 301 (60.4) | 170 (34.1) | <.0001 |
| Genetic Risk Score (GRS) | |||
| Multiplicative | 2.2 ± 2.1 | 1.5 ± 1.4 | <.0001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Statistical significance for P < .05.
#
>40 g/week for women >60 g/week for men.