Table 2.
Post-test estimation analysis from fixed-effect model predicting change in GHQ predicted by.
| Pre-Covid | First-difference (difference in GHQ vs. Q4 in the pre-covid period)† | During-COVID | First-difference (difference in GHQ vs. Q4 during covid-19)† | Second-difference (difference in change over time compared to Q4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighbourhood disorder subscale 1: Social Stressor | |||||
| Lowest (Q1) | 9.93*** (CI: 9.25–10.61) | 12.35–9.93 = 2.42*** (CI: 0.92–3.91) | 11.64*** (CI: 11.30–11.98) | 14.55–11.64 = 2.90*** (CI: 1.37–4.44) | 2.90–2.42 = 0.48** (CI: 0.13–0.83) |
| Mid-Low (Q2) | 10.32*** (CI: 9.84–10.80) | 12.35–10.32 = 2.02*** (CI: 0.73–3.32) | 12.11*** (CI: 11.97–12.25) | 14.55–12.11 = 2.43*** (CI: 1.10–3.77) | 2.43–2.02 = 0.41* (CI: 0.08–0.73) |
| Mid-High (Q3) | 11.28*** (CI: 11.10–11.45) | 12.35–11.28 = 1.07*** (CI: 0.40–1.75) | 13.09*** (CI: 12.54–13.65) | 14.55–13.09 = 1.45*** (CI: 0.69–2.21) | 1.45–1.07 = 0.37* (CI: 0.04–0.71) |
| Highest (Q4) | 12.35*** (CI: 11.53–13.18) | Reference group | 14.55*** (CI: 13.30–15.79) | Reference group | Reference group |
| Neighbourhood disorder subscale 2: Property crime | |||||
| Lowest (Q1) | 10.89*** (CI: 10.71–11.06) | 11.31–10.89= 0.42* (CI: 0.04–0.80) | 12.66*** (CI: 12.37–12.95) | 13.31–12.66 = 0.67* (CI: 0.13–1.22) | 0.67–0.42 = 0.25 (CI: −0.14–0.65) |
| Mid-Low (Q2) | 10.64*** (CI: 10.40–10.88) | 11.31–10.64= 0.66** (CI: 0.25–1.08) | 12.48*** (CI: 12.27–12.703) | 13.31–12.48 = 0.85** (CI: 0.28–1.43) | 0.85–0.66 = 0.18 (CI: −0.21–0.59) |
| Mid-High (Q3) | 10.17*** (CI: 9.62–10.72) | 11.31–10.17= 1.14** (CI: 0.42–1.85) | 11.98*** (CI: 11.74–12.21) | 13.34–11.98 = 1.36** (CI: 0.54–2.17) | 1.36–1.14 = 0.22 (CI: −0.19–0.63) |
| Highest (Q4) | 11.31*** (CI: 11.07–11.55) | Reference group | 13.34*** (CI: 12.65–14.02) | Reference group | Reference group |
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001.
†
The derived values represent the first difference, which is the disparity between distinct levels of neighbourhood disorder compared to the reference group (Q4) for both pre- and during-COVID.