Table 1.
Soluble biomarkers of platelet activation in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.
| Biomarker | Clinical phenotype | Acute/chronic phase | Results: ↑, ↓, = | Study group | Reference group | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sP-sel | CAD | Chronic | ↑ | CAD patients on aspirin and dalteparin | HV | (84–86) |
| CAD | Chronic | ↑ | CAD Patients | Hospitalized non-CAD patients | (87) | |
| CAD | Chronic | = | White Europeans with CAD on antiplatelet drugs | South Asians with CAD on antiplatelet drugs | (89) | |
| CAD | Chronic | ↓ | CAD patients on aspirin and heparin after clopidogrel administration | CAD patients on aspirin and heparin before clopidogrel administration | (90) | |
| sCD40L | CAD | Chronic | ↑ | CAD patients on antiplatelet drugs | HV | (86) |
| CAD | Chronic | ↑ | CAD patients with MI on aspirin | Hospitalized CAD patients without MI and non-CAD patients | (88) | |
| CAD | Chronic | = | CAD patients on aspirin and clopidogrel with: ACS (myocardial infarction or unstable angina), non-fatal ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, cardiovascular death, hospitalization for revascularization | Hospitalized CAD patients on aspirin and clopidogrel without ischemic events | (91) | |
| CAD | Chronic | ↓ | CAD patients on aspirin and clopidogrel | CAD patients on aspirin alone | (91, 92) | |
| sCD40L | CAD | Chronic | ↓ | CAD patients on aspirin and heparin after clopidogrel administration | CAD patients on aspirin and heparin before clopidogrel administration | (90) |
| beta-tg | CAD | Chronic | ↑ | CAD patients with high on-aspirin RPR | CAD patients with low on-aspirin RPR | (93) |
| sGPV | CAD | Chronic | ↑ | CAD patients on antiplatelet drugs | HV | (84, 86) |
| SDF-1α | CAD | Chronic and acute | ↑ | CAD patients on aspirin with a stroke or dead | CAD patients without the primary endpoints | (94) |
Beta-tg, β-thromboglobulin; CAD, coronary artery disease; HV, healthy volunteers; MI, myocardial infarction; RPR, residual platelet reactivity; sCD40L, soluble CD40 ligand; SDF-1α, stromal cell-derived factor 1; sGP, soluble glycoprotein; sP-sel, soluble P-selectin. ↑, Increased compared to healthy controls; ↓, Decreased compared to healthy controls; =, Unchanged compared to healthy controls.