Table 2.
Soluble biomarkers of platelet activation in peripheral artery disease (PAD) and atherosclerotic patients.
| Biomarker | Clinical phenotype | Acute/chronic phase | Results: ↑, ↓, = | Study group | Control group | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sP-sel | PAD | Chronic | ↑ | PAD patients on aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin | HV | (95–99) |
| PAD | Chronic | ↑ | PAD patients on aspirin and vitamin K-antagonists with restenosis | PAD patients on aspirin and vitamin K-antagonists without restenosis | (100) | |
| Ischemia, PAD | Chronic | ↑ | Chronic limb ischemia on aspirin | Non-PAD controls on aspirin | (101) | |
| Ischemia, PAD | Chronic | ↑ | Chronic limb ischemia, PAD patients on aspirin | PAD patients on aspirin | (101) | |
| PAD | Chronic | = | PAD patients on aspirin | Non-PAD controls on aspirin | (101) | |
| PAD | Chronic | = | PAD patients on no drugs | HV | (102) | |
| PAD | Chronic | = | PAD patients on aspirin and clopidogrel | PAD patients on aspirin | (103) | |
| Atherosclerotic disease in type 2 diabetes | Chronic | ↑ | Type 2 diabetic patients with atherosclerotic disease on aspirin | HV and type 2 diabetic patients without atherosclerotic disease | (104) | |
| sCD40L | PAD | Chronic | ↑ | PAD patients on aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin | HV | (98) |
| PAD | Chronic | = | PAD patients on aspirin and vitamin K-antagonists with restenosis | PAD patients on aspirin and vitamin K-antagonists without restenosis | (100) | |
| sCD40L | PAD | Chronic | = | PAD patients on aspirin and clopidogrel | PAD patients on aspirin alone | (103) |
| Atherosclerotic disease in type 2 diabetes | Chronic | ↑ | Type 2 diabetic patients with and without atherosclerotic disease on aspirin | HV | (104) | |
| PF4 | Ischemia, PAD | Chronic | ↑ | Chronic limb ischemia on aspirin | Non-PAD controls on aspirin | (101) |
| Ischemia, PAD | Chronic | = | Chronic limb ischemia, PAD patients on aspirin | PAD patients on aspirin | (101) | |
| PAD | Chronic | = | PAD patients on aspirin | Non-PAD controls on aspirin | (101) | |
| sGPV | Coronary and Peripheral Atherosclerosis | Chronic | ↑ | Patients with coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis on aspirin | HV | (84) |
| 11-DH-TXB2 | PAD, presumed | Chronic | ↑ | Patients with presumed PAD on no drugs | HV | (102) |
11-DH-TXB2, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2; HV, healthy volunteers; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PF4, platelet factor 4; sCD40L, soluble CD40 ligand; sGP, soluble glycoprotein; sP-sel, soluble P-selectin; TSP-1, thrombospondin-1. ↑, Increased compared to healthy controls; ↓, Decreased compared to healthy controls; =, Unchanged compared to healthy controls.