Table 3.

Absolute changes in body weight, FFM, fat mass, waist circumference, REE, SPPB, 400-m walk, and handgrip with weight loss and follow-up by treatment group

	HP group		NP group		p value (HP × NP)b
	mean ± SD	p valuea	mean ± SD	p valuea
Body weight, kg
Baseline	85.1±8.6		84.9±9.8
Change at t1	−4.6±3.6	<0.001	−5.2±3.4	<0.001	0.538
Change at t2	+ 1.3±2.8	0.028	+0.4±2.5	0.392	0.253
FFM, kg
Baseline	46.8±6.9		46.7±5.0
Change at t1	−0.9±1.1	<0.001	−1.0±1.3	<0.001	0.575
Change at t2	+0.4±1.4	0.146	−0.0±1.6	0.890	0.181
FM, kg
Baseline	38.3± 5.6		38.2±6.9
Change at t1	−3.8±2.8	<0.001	−4.0±2.7	<0.001	0.718
Change at t2	+0.9±2.1	0.040	+0.3±2.1	0.478	0.315
Waist circumference, cm
Baseline	98.2±6.9		98.4±10.8
Change at t1	−6.5±4.2	<0.001	−7.2±4.0	<0.001	0.669
Change at t2	−0.6±4.6	0.525	−0.3±2.4	0.522	0.756
REE, kJ (kcal)
Baseline	7,175±707 (1,714±169)		7,083±837 (1,692±200)
Change at t1	−862±569 (−206±136)	<0.001	−1,000±561 (−239±134)	<0.001	0.369
Change at t2	+25±276 (+ 6±66)	0.650	+138±297 (+33±71)	0.022	0.148
SPPB, score
Baseline	9.4±1.1		9.9 ±1.0
Change at t1	+0.4±0.9	0.051	+0.6±0.8	<0.001	0.463
Change at t2	+0.4±0.7	0.015	+0.1±0.4	0.327	0.073
400-m walk, min:s
Baseline	4:10±0:33		04:11±0:31
Change at t1	−0:00±0:07	0.876	−0:05±0:12	0.045	0.281
Change at t2	+0:01±0:19	0.630	+0:02±0:26	0.636	0.919
Handgrip, kg
Baseline	28.7±7.2		29.0±4.9
Change at t1	+0.1±2.6	0.798	−1.6±3.3	<0.001	0.041
Change at t2	+0.1±1.9	0.864	−0.2±1.5	0.493	0.577

^aSignificance level for dependent t test within-group changes (t₀−t₁; t₁−t₂).

^bSignificance level for independent t test between-group changes.