Table 2.

Comparison of characteristics between overweight / obese children with MS and without MS (adjusted for gender, BMI-SDS, and pubertal stage)

	With MS	Without MS	p value
BMI-SDSa	2.68±0.5	2.51±0.6	<0.0001
WC-SDSb	2.08±0.5	1.86±0.5	<0.0001
WC, cm	95.0±10.8	88.4±10.0	<0.0001
WHtR	0.56±0.06	0.54±0.05	<0.0001
WHpR	0.86±0.07	0.85±0.14	<0.0001
SSFT, mm	108.2±19.1	99.8±24.3	<0.0001
Glycemia
At 0 min, mmol/L	5.24±0.7	5.04±0.4	0.019
At 30 min, mmol/L	7.79±1.5	7.73±1.4	0.201
At 120 min, mmol/L	5.73±1.2	5.67±1.2	0.017
Insulin
At 0 min, mIU/L	22.9±11.2	16.6±8.1	<0.0001
At 30 min, mIU/L	148.2±85.2	117.8±72.0	0.002
At 120 min, mIU/L	84.8±72.1	67.6±56.5	0.026
HOMA-IR	5.31±2.9	3.78±1.9	<0.0001
QUICKI	0.132±0.008	0.139±0.011	<0.0001
HOMA-B	82.8±40.8	63.4±31.2	<0.0001
I/G_30	18.8±9.6	15.3±8.9	<0.0001
ISI	49.1±22.3	69.4±39.9	<0.0001
ISIMatsuda	2.71±1.2	3.85±2.2	<0.0001
ISICederholm	33.0±10.4	34.9±11.5	0.012
ISIGutt	32.2±9.4	35.3±10.6	0.009
TCh, mmol/L	4.64±1.0	4.48±0.8	<0.0001
LDL, mmol/L	2.95±0.8	2.77±0.8	0.001
TG/HDL ratio	1.85±1.2	0.85±0.7	<0.0001
LDL/HDL ratio	3.05±1.0	2.52±1.7	0.020

Values are mean ± SD. MS, metabolic syndrome; BMI-SDS, body mass index standard deviation score; WC-SDS, waist circumference standard deviation score; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; WHpR, waist-to-hip ratio; SSFT, sum of skin-fold thicknesses; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity index; HOMA-B, homeostasis model assessment of β cell function; ISI, insulin sensitivity index; I/G_30, insulin/glucose at 30 min of OGTT;OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; ISI_Matsuda, Matsuda whole-body ISI; ISI_Cederholm, Cederholm peripheral ISI; ISI_Gutt, Gutt ISI; TCh, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.

^aEvaluated according to IOTF standards [34].

^bEvaluated according to the Polish reference for WC [35].