Table 8.
The composition of supplemented vitamins and trace minerals in gestation diets
| Item1) | N | Average | Ratio to NRC2) | Ratio to CHN3) | SD | Minimum | The 25th percentile | Median | The 75th percentile | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamins (unit/kg) | ||||||||||
| Vitamin A (IU) | 379 | 7,721 | 1.93 | 2.13 | 2,119.621 | 480 | 6,650 | 8,000 | 9,000 | 22,400 |
| Vitamin D (IU) | 380 | 2,445 | 3.06 | 13.6 | 918.711 | 150 | 1,928 | 2,500 | 3,086 | 11,900 |
| Vitamin E (IU) | 376 | 45.7 | 1.04 | 1.14 | 31.474 | 0.80 | 20.2 | 45.0 | 60.0 | 240 |
| Vitamin K (mg) | 345 | 4.43 | 8.86 | 8.86 | 22.112 | 0.45 | 2.00 | 2.40 | 3.64 | 400 |
| Thiamine (mg) | 215 | 1.49 | 1.49 | 1.66 | 0.669 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 1.68 | 4.55 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 343 | 4.68 | 1.25 | 1.38 | 1.663 | 0.90 | 3.60 | 4.80 | 5.60 | 10.0 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 295 | 2.44 | 2.44 | 2.71 | 1.528 | 0.02 | 1.28 | 2.72 | 3.20 | 16.0 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 160 | 53.6 | 3.57 | 3.83 | 315.826 | 1.60 | 14.6 | 20.0 | 22.4 | 3,500 |
| Pantothenic acid (mg) | 311 | 17.2 | 1.43 | 1.56 | 7.749 | 0.18 | 12.0 | 16.0 | 20.0 | 42.8 |
| Niacin (mg) | 286 | 23.2 | 2.32 | 2.56 | 9.765 | 0.60 | 16.0 | 24.0 | 28.0 | 75.0 |
| Folic acid (mg) | 161 | 2.37 | 1.83 | 1.98 | 2.450 | 0.14 | 0.75 | 1.60 | 4.00 | 22.1 |
| Biotin (mg) | 164 | 0.43 | 2.16 | 2.27 | 0.791 | 0.03 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 8.00 |
| Choline (mg) | 129 | 394 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 342.862 | 0.40 | 260 | 364 | 480 | 3,840 |
| Trace minerals (mg/kg) | ||||||||||
| Copper | 366 | 18.1 | 1.81 | 3.62 | 29.129 | 1.43 | 14.0 | 15.2 | 17.5 | 393 |
| Iron | 370 | 232 | 2.90 | 3.09 | 132.764 | 0.12 | 112 | 225 | 380 | 465 |
| Manganese | 365 | 62.7 | 2.51 | 3.48 | 25.114 | 0.04 | 40.0 | 66.0 | 84.0 | 113 |
| Zinc | 365 | 72.4 | 0.72 | 1.61 | 29.116 | 0.12 | 60.0 | 70.0 | 78.0 | 530 |
| Selenium | 235 | 0.35 | 2.35 | 2.52 | 0.282 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 2.50 |
| Iodine | 237 | 1.32 | 9.40 | 10.1 | 1.515 | 0.03 | 0.40 | 0.64 | 1.20 | 5.35 |
The N represents the number of farms; SD, standard deviation.
1)
All reported values are on an as-fed basis and represent vitamins and trace minerals provided the following per kilogram of diet for pigs.
2)
Values represent average supplementation rates as a proportion to dietary vitamin and trace mineral requirements recommendation from the NRC [7].
3)
Values represent average supplementation rates as a proportion to dietary vitamin and trace mineral requirements recommendation from the China’s Feeding Standard of Swine [9].