Figure 5.

The effects of HMGB1 on Galectin-9 and Tim-3 expression in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells. MCF-7 cells were exposed for 24 h to 1 µg/ml HMGB1 followed by measurement of TGF-β secretion and Smad3 activating phosphorylation (A), galectin-9 protein expression and secretion (B), galectin-9 cell surface presence (C) and Tim-3 protein expression and release (D). Images are from one experiment representative of four which gave similar results. Quantitative data are shown as mean values ± SEM of four independent experiments.