Table 3.

Silica-based Porous Nanosystems with Antibacterial Effect Based on Metal Delivery

Silica Nanocarrier	Antibacterial Component	Primary Action Mechanism	Antibiotic Species Loading	Antibiotic Species Release Mechanism	In vitro Evaluation (bacteria)	In vitro Evaluation (Eukaryotic Cells)	in vivo	Ref.
Metal-modified Silica Nanosystems
Ag@MSN	Silver PEI	Silver sensitization	PEI	pH-driven detachment	E. coli B. anthracis	None	None	84
MCM-41 MSNs	Silver	Silver sensitization	Ethylenediamine-AgNPs complex	Ag decomplexation	E. coli S. aureus	HUVECs	None	85
MCM-41 MSNs	Silver	Silver sensitization	Sulfonate-AgNPs complex	Ag decomplexation	E. coli S. aureus	None	None	86
SBA-15 MSNs	Silver	Silver sensitization	Sulfonate-AgNPs complex	Ag decomplexation	E. coli S. aureus A. fumigatus	None	None	87
MCM-41 MSNs	Silver	Silver sensitization	Ethylenediamine-AgNPs complex vs Core-shell structure	Ag decomplexation vs Ag dissolution	M. tuberculosis	None	None	88
Ag@MSN@ Alginate	Silver	Silver sensitization	Core-shell loading of AgNPs	Nanoparticle dissolution	S. aureus S. epidermidis P. aeruginosa C. albicans	HuDe NCTC2544	None	89
MCM-41 MSNs	Zn, Cu, Fe, or Cr	Metal sensitization	Calcination	Nanoparticle dissolution	S. aureus B. subtilis P. aeruginosa E. coli	None	None	93
MSNs	Silver and/or Zinc	Metal sensitization	Ag, Zn, and Ag/Zn doping	Nanoparticle dissolution	E. faecalis	MC3T3-E1	None	94

Abbreviations: AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; PEI, polyethyleneimine; eukaryotic cell lines: HuDe, human dermis fibroblast; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; NCTC2544, human skin keratinocytes; Prokaryotic cell lines: A. fumigatus, Aspergillus fumigatus; B. anthracis, Bacillus anthracis; B. subtilis, Bacillus subtilis; C. albicans, Candida albicans; E. coli, Escherichia coli; M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.