Table 4.
Silica-based Nanosystems Suitable for Combined Antibacterial Therapies
|
Silica Nanocarrier |
Antibacterial Component | Primary Action Mechanism | Antibiotic Species Loading | Antibiotic Species Release Mechanism |
In vitro Evaluation (bacteria) |
In vitro Evaluation (Eukaryotic Cells) |
in vivo | Ref. |
| Combined Antibiotic Therapies | ||||||||
| SiO2 NPs | Gentamicin Rifamycin |
Antibiotic co-delivery |
Layer by layer loading | Nanoparticle dissolution |
S. aureus P. aeruginosa |
None | None | 99 |
| SBA-15 MSNs | Vancomycin Rifampin |
Antibiotic co-delivery |
Pore loading | Pore diffusion |
S. aureus S. Epidermis |
None | None | 11 |
| MCM-41 MSNs | Vancomycin Polymyxin B |
Antibiotic co-delivery |
Pore loading | Pore diffusion |
E. coli S. aureus P. aeruginosa |
None | None | 100 |
| MCM-41 MSNs | Silver-Indole-3-acetic acid complex | Metal sensitization and prodrug delivery | Pore loading | Pore diffusion |
E. coli B. subtilis S. aureus S. epidermis. |
None | None | 101 |
| LP-MSNs@MMSNs | Melittin Ofloxacin |
Antibiotic drug-peptide co-delivery | Pore loading | Magnetic-triggered supramolecular disassembly | P. aeruginosa | NIH3T3 HEK293T |
None | 103 |
| MMSNs-EMPO | Gentamicin Curcumin |
Antibiotic co-delivery |
Pore loading | Pore diffusion |
E. coli S. aureus |
MCF-7 | None | 104 |
| Ag@MSN | Levofloxacin | Metal sensitization Antibiotic delivery | Pore loading | AgNP dissolution – Loaded drug diffusion |
E. coli K. pneumoniae |
None | Mice | 105 |
| Janus AgNP-MSN | CTAB | Metal sensitization Membrane lysis |
Core-shell loading of AgNPs Pore loading |
AgNP dissolution – Loaded drug diffusion |
E. coli S. aureus |
None | None | 106 |
| LP-MSNs | Silver | Silver sensitization DNA cleavage |
Silver doping Enzyme-loading | Ag+ release – Enzyme release |
E. coli S. mutans |
None | None | 107 |
| SBA-15 MSNs | Silver Curcumin |
Silver sensitization | Silver doping – Drug-loading | Ag+ release – Drug release |
E. coli S. aureus |
HeLa HEK-293T |
None | 108 |
Abbreviations: EMPO, ethane bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica; HMSNs, hollow MSNs; PEI, polyethyleneimine; MMSNs, core-shell magnetic MSNs; LP-MSNs, large-pore MSNs. Eukaryotic cell lines, HEK293T, human embryonic kidney; HeLa, human cervix adenocarcinoma; NIH3T3, murine embryonic fibroblasts; MCF-7, human breast ductal carcinoma. Prokaryotic cell lines, B. subtilis, Bacillus subtilis; E. coli, Escherichia coli; K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae; M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; P. gingivalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus; S. epidermis, Staphylococcus epidermis; S. mutans, Staphylococcus mutans.