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Bregs regulates other immune cells, affecting tumor development. After B cells migrate to the tumor bed, they develop a Breg phenotype and increase the expression of membrane-bound TGF-β, CD25, MHC-II, and costimulatory ligands CD86 and PD-L1. Breg supports Treg expansion, inhibits IFN-γ production and CD8 + cytolytic T cell activity, thereby inhibiting anti-tumor response and leading to enhanced tumor growth.
