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. 2021 Jun 30;14:11786469211023468. doi: 10.1177/11786469211023468

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© The Author(s) 2021

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 3. — Morphology of the bare GCE (A) and GCE (B) modified with the Nafion layer (Nafion/GCE) determined by optical profilometer; scanning area: 77.5 × 58.1 µm². (C) Optical profilometer micrographs of the Nafion/GCE surface after Kyn accumulation; scanning area: 84 × 126 µm²; roughness parameter: S_q = 37.9 nm. AFM micrographs of (D) the Nafion/GCE surface (S_q = 0.23 nm) and (E) the Nafion/GCE surface after Kyn accumulation (S_q = 0.627 nm); scanning area: 2 × 2 µm² (256 × 256 pixels). Kyn concentration in the supporting electrolyte was 2 µM (accumulation potential and time: +0.5 V, 60 seconds). Drop (1.0 µL) of Nafion solution (0.5%, w/v) was placed onto GCE surface. The most characteristic positive ions for Nafion and Kyn identified in TOF-SIMS spectra (F) and an example of TOF-SIMS spectra obtained for the Nafion/GCE after Kyn accumulation for 60 seconds (G) are shown.