Table 2.
Analytical approaches for Kyn determination.
| Approach | Mechanism of detection | Linear range [µM] | LOD [nM] | Application | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LC-UV/FD | UV/Fluorescent detection | 0.24-2.88 | 62.91 | Urine | Sousa et al. 45 |
| LC–Q | Electrospray ionization of the sample | 0.01-3.84 | 3.31 | Post-culture medium from cancer cells | Sadok et al. 40 |
| LC–QQQ | Electrospray ionization of the sample | 0.002-7.68 | 0.68 | Cerebrospinal fluid, serum | Eser et al. 46 |
| GC–QQQ | Chemical ionization of the sample | 0.01-1.0 | – | Brain | Notarangelo et al. 47 |
| CE–DAD | Absorbance measurement | 1.0-16.0 | 150.0 | Plasma | Zinellu et al. 48 |
| 2D Photonic crystal hydrogel sensor | Diffraction under laser light | 0.05-1.0 | 50.0 | Serum | Rizvi et al. 12 |
| Luminescence chemosensor | Luminescence measurements | 1.0-10.0 | 1.0 | – | Tang et al. 49 |
Abbreviations: CE–DAD, capillary electrophoresis with a diode array detector; GC–QQQ, gas chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer; LC–UV/FD, liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet/visible and a fluorescence detector; LC–Q, liquid chromatography coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer; LC–QQQ, liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.