TABLE 2.
Overview of the currently available human‐patient‐derived tumour organoid (PDO) biobanks
| Tumour site | Source | Success rate (%) | N | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colorectum | Primary tumour | 90 | 20 | [ 11 ] |
| 100 | 55 | [ 26 ] | ||
| Metastases | 70 | 8 | [ 114 ] | |
| Rectum | Rectal adenocarcinoma | 77 | 65 | [ 46 ] |
| Pancreas | Ductal adenocarcinoma (primary and metastatic specimens) | 75 | 114 | [ 108 ] |
| Stomach | Normal, dysplastic, and cancer | >90 normal | 63 | [ 10 ] |
| Lymph node metastases | 50 cancer | |||
| Liver | Hepatocellular carcinoma | N/A | 27 | [ 115 ] |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | ||||
| Bladder | Urothelial carcinoma | 70 | 20 | [ 116 ] |
| Squamous‐cell carcinoma | ||||
| Prostate | Adenocarcinoma metastases | 15‐20 | 7 | [ 104 ] |
| Circulating tumour cells | ||||
| Ovary | Borderline tumours | 85 | 56 | [ 40 ] |
| Clear‐cell carcinoma | ||||
| Endometrioid carcinoma | ||||
| Mucinous carcinoma | ||||
| Serous carcinoma | ||||
| Breast | Ductal adenocarcinoma | >80 | 95 | [ 9 ] |
| Lobular adenocarcinoma | ||||
| Esophagus | Oesophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma | 71 | 15 | [ 117 ] |
| Oropharyngeal squamous‐cell carcinoma | ||||
| Oral mucosa | Head and neck squamous‐cell carcinoma | 65 | 31 | [ 44 ] |
| Endometrium | Normal, endometriosis, hyperplasia, low and high‐grade carcinomas | N/A | 72 | [ 118 ] |