FIGURE 3.

Schematic pathway of PIP2 and its possible contribution to the auditory system. Stimulation of receptors coupled to Gα activates Phospholipase C (PLC), which leads to the release of diacylglycerol (DAG) and IP3. GPSM2 is a regulator of G protein‐coupled receptor signalling that, in turn, stimulates phospholipase C (PLC). The C‐terminal cytoplasmic TMIE domain contains charged amino acids that mediate binding to phospholipids, including PIP2. DAG remains membrane‐associated and activates protein kinase C, whereas IP3 diffused into the cell and stimulates the IP3 receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to mobilization of intracellular Ca²⁺ stores. PKC phosphorylates the targets and therefore induces cellular responses including. The figure is redrawn from Refs [59, 114]