Table 1.
Characteristics of the trial participants
| Variables | Time | Vitamin D3 (n = 43) |
Placebo (n = 43) |
P value (between) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 35.13 ± 5.51 | 34.44 ± 5.07 | 0.566a | ||
| Marriage Duration (y) | 4.65 ± 2.26 | 5.32 ± 3.45 | 0.288a | ||
|
Infertility Duration (y) |
2.75 ± 2.25 | 3.27 ± 1.97 | 0.256a | ||
| Education | Elementary | 1(2.3) | 1 (2.3) | 0.506b | |
| Diploma | 11 (25.6) | 13 (30.2) | |||
| Associate Degree | 10 (23.3) | 14 (32.6) | |||
| Bachelor | 6 [14] | 5 (11.6) | |||
| Master’s degree | 11 (25.6) | 5 (11.6) | |||
| Ph.D. | 4 (9.3) | 5 (11.6) | |||
| Race | Fars | 7 (16.3) | 13 (30.2) | 0.215b | |
| Arab | 22 (51.2) | 13 (30.2) | |||
| Lor | 12 (27.9) | 14 (32.6) | |||
| Tork | 2 (4.7) | 3 (7) | |||
| Height (cm) | 173.48 ± 6.05 | 172.79 ± 7.66 | 0.641a | ||
| Weight (kg) | Baseline | 85.80 ± 12.00 | 83.63 ± 10.48 | 0.374a | |
| 12 weeks | 85.67 ± 11.85 | 83.33 ± 10.95 | 0.345a | ||
| Change | -0.12 ± 0.66 | − 0.29 ± 2.06 | 0.615a | ||
| P value (within)c | 0.209 | 0.353 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | Baseline | 28.40 ± 2.96 | 27.95 ± 2.51 | 0.452a | |
| 12 weeks | 28.36 ± 2.91 | 27.84 ± 2.63 | 0.387a | ||
| Change | −0.03 ± 0.22 | − 0.11 ± 0.72 | 0.525a | ||
| P value (within)c | 0.272 | 0.313 | |||
| WC (cm) | Baseline | 105.58 ± 8.45 | 104.32 ± 8.21 | 0.487a | |
| 12 weeks | 105.34 ± 8.06 | 104.23 ± 8.88 | 0.656a | ||
| Change | −0.53 ± 1.16 | − 0.09 ± 1.87 | 0.193a | ||
| P value (within)c | 0.133 | 0.747 | |||
| BF percentage | Baseline | 31.23 ± 8.77 | 31.13 ± 6.47 | 0.950a | |
| 12 weeks | 31.09 ± 8.68 | 30.97 ± 6.21 | 0.943a | ||
| Change | −0.14 ± 0.48 | − 0.15 ± 0.54 | 0.913a | ||
| P value (within)c | 0.053 | 0.064 | |||
| Physical Activity | Baseline | Low | 18 (41.9) | 20 (46.5) | 0.664b |
| average | 25 (58.1) | 23 (53.5) | |||
| 12 weeks | Low | 21 (48.8) | 22 (51.2) | 0.829b | |
| average | 22 (51.2) | 21 (48.8) | |||
| P value (within)d | 0.581 | 0.727 | |||
| Sun exposure | Baseline | < 1 h | 13 (30.23) | 12 (27.90) | 0.812b |
| > 1 h | 30 (69.76) | 31 (72.09) | |||
| 12 weeks | < 1 h | 15 (34.88) | 15 (34.88) | 1.00b | |
| > 1 h | 28 (65.11) | 28 (65.11) | |||
| P value (within)d | 0.765 | 0.579 | |||
| Time of sun exposure | Baseline | 10 AM–3 PM | 23 (53.48) | 30 (69.76) | 0.326b |
| Other | 20 (46.51) | 14 (32.55) | |||
| 12 weeks | 10 AM–3 PM | 21 (48.83) | 27 (62.79) | 0.553b | |
| Other | 22 (51.16) | 16 (37.20) | |||
| P value (within)d | 0.683 | 0.447 | |||
| Sun exposure area | Baseline | Face and Hand | 14 (32.6) | 16 (37.2) | 0.651b |
| Face and Hand and Arm | 29 (67.4) | 27(62.8) | |||
| 12 weeks | Face and Hand | 19 (44.18) | 21 (48.83) | 0.420b | |
| Face and Hand and Arm | 24 (55.81) | 22 (51.16) | |||
| P value (within)d | 0.228 | 0.138 | |||
| Sun screen use | Baseline | Yes | 17 (39.53) | 16 (37.20) | 0.612b |
| No | 26 (60.46) | 27 (62.79) | |||
| 12 weeks | Yes | 18 (41.86) | 19 (44.18) | 0.586b | |
| No | 25 (58.13) | 24 (55.81) | |||
| P value (within)d | 0.958 | 0.321 | |||
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; BF, body fat
- Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or Frequency and percent
- Between group differences pre intervention, the p value are reported based on the independent sample t test (a) or Chi-Square test (b)
- Between group differences post intervention; the p value are reported based on Chi-Square (b)
- Between groups comparing the changes of variables, the p value is reported using the independent sample t test (a)
- Within group differences, the p value is reported using the paired t test (c) or McNemar (d)
-P < 0.05 was considered significant