. 2021 Jul 5;19:102. doi: 10.1186/s12958-021-00789-y

Table 2.

Between group comparison of serum concentration of 25(OH)VD3, calcium, phosphorous and hormones and seminal calcium pre and post intervention

Variables	Time	Vitamin D3 (n = 43)	Placebo (n = 43)	P value (between)
25(OH)VD3 (ng/ml)	Baseline	18.30 ± 6.87	19.17 ± 6.42	0.545^a
	12 weeks	32.30 ± 6.39	18.93 ± 7.00	< 0.001^b
	Change	14.00 ± 2.17	− 0.23 ± 2.15	< 0.001^c
P value (within)^d		< 0.001	0.482
PTH (pg/ml)	Baseline	32.33 ± 11.17	31.34 ± 13.67	0.714^a
	12 weeks	29.96 ± 10.74	31.76 ± 13.22	< 0.001^b
	Change	−2.37 ± 1.36	0.41 ± 1.54	< 0.001^c
P value (within)^d		< 0.001	0.082
OCN (ng/ml)	Baseline	11.82 ± 4.52	12.42 ± 4.16	0.525^a
	12 weeks	11.94 ± 4.61	12.35 ± 4.12	0.663^b
	Change	0.11 ± 0.57	−0.06 ± 0.45	0.100^c
P value (within)^d		0.185	0.334
Tt (ng/ml)	Baseline	3.87 ± 2.08	3.93 ± 2.04	0.884^a
	12 weeks	3.95 ± 1.75	3.86 ± 2.01	0.482^b
	Change	0.07 ± 0.64	− 0.07 ± 0.36	0.177^c
P value (within)^d		0.416	0.199
SHBG (nmol/l)	Baseline	18.80 ± 3.60	19.16 ± 4.68	0.692^a
	12 weeks	19.09 ± 3.69	18.88 ± 4.71	0.815^b
	Change	0.29 ± 1.22	−0.27 ± 1.55	0.062^c
P value (within)^d		0.125	0.245
E2 (pg/ml)	Baseline	26.70 ± 12.46	25.67 ± 10.87	0.684^a
	12 weeks	26.54 ± 12.53	25.61 ± 10.86	0.095^b
	Change	−0.15 ± 0.54	−0.05 ± 0.32	0.311^c
P value (within)^d		0.065	0.254
PRO (mIU/L)	Baseline	300.13 ± 195.55	279.50 ± 158.56	0.592^a
	12 weeks	294.57 ± 188.97	280.15 ± 158.14	0.265^b
	Change	−5.56 ± 21.22	0.64 ± 18.25	0.149^c
P value (within)^d		0.093	0.818
LH (IU/L)	Baseline	5.41 ± 4.13	5.06 ± 2.21	0.627^a
	12 weeks	5.40 ± 4.09	5.10 ± 2.25	0.186^b
	Change	−0.01 ± 0.26	0.03 ± 0.18	0.324^c
P value (within)^d		0.646	0.292
FSH (IU/L)	Baseline	4.80 ± 4.90	4.05 ± 3.45	0.417^a
	12 weeks	4.78 ± 4.87	4.06 ± 4.43	0.116^b
	Change	−0.02 ± 0.15	0.01 ± 0.11	0.089^c
P value (within)^d		0.076	0.123
FAI (T/SHBG. 100) (%)	Baseline	42.54 ± 35.27	39.61 ± 23.13	0.650^a
	12 weeks	40.56 ± 22.71	39.13 ± 23.72	0.207^b
	Change	−1.97 ± 18.59	−0.48 ± 6.14	0.619^c
P value (within)^d		0.490	0.608
T/LH ratio	Baseline	1.22 ± 1.48	0.88 ± 0.53	0.159^a
	12 weeks	1.32 ± 1.58	0.88 ± 0.56	0.142^b
	Change	0.09 ± 0.29	−0.003 ± 0.11	0.037^c
P value (within)^d		0.032	0.585
T/E2 ratio	Baseline	0.16 ± 0.10	0.17 ± 0.08	0.882^a
	12 weeks	0.17 ± 0.08	0.16 ± 0.07	0.360^b
	Change	0.005 ± 0.03	−0.002 ± 0.01	0.203^c
P value (within)^d		0.316	0.419
Serum Ca (mg/dl)	Baseline	9.17 ± 0.43	9.28 ± 0.69	0.408^a
	12 weeks	9.21 ± 0.43	9.26 ± 0.70	0. 151^b
	Change	0.03 ± 0.08	−0.02 ± 0.11	0.009^c
P value (within)^d		0.008	0.211
Semen Ca (mg/dl)	Baseline	12.27 ± 3.64	12.72 ± 4.14	0.594^a
	12 weeks	12.47 ± 3.60	12.57 ± 4.13	0.218^b
	Change	0.15 ± 0.46	−0.12 ± 0.72	0.038^c
P value (within)^d		0.035	0.270
P (mg/dl)	Baseline	3.52 ± 0.72	3.73 ± 0.79	0.219^a
	12 weeks	3.62 ± 0.71	3.65 ± 0.8	0.470^b
	Change	0.04 ± 0.11	−0.08 ± 0.41	0.049^c
P value (within)^d		0.009	0.190

25(OH)VD3, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3; PTH, parathyroid hormone; OCN, osteocalcin; T, testosterone; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; E2, estradiol; FAI, free androgen index; PRO, prolactin; LH, luteinizing hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; Ca, calcium and P, phosphorus

- Values are reported as mean ± standard deviation or Frequency and percent

- Between groups differences pre intervention, the p value are reported using the independent sample t test (a)

- Between groups differences post intervention; the p value is reported using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (b)

- Between groups comparing the changes of variables, the p value is reported using the independent sample t test (c)

- Within group difference, the p value is reported using the paired t test (d)

-P < 0.05 was considered significant