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Enzymes involved in the detection of 5mC and 5hmC. (A) TET2 catalyzes the oxidization of 5mC to 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC in three consecutive steps. (B) The T4-phage enzyme T4-BGT glucosylates pre-existing genomic 5hmC as well as 5hmC formed by the action of TET2 to 5-(β-glucosyloxymethyl)cytosine (5gmC). (C) APOBEC3A deaminates cytosine, 5mC, and, to a lesser extent, 5hmC.
