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. 2021 Jul 1;15:2855–2866. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S313719

Table 3.

Estimated Total Cost and Proportion of Total Cost in the US and Canada by Cost Component

Region US Canada
Cost type Lower
US$ mil (%)
Upper
US$ mil (%)
Lower
CAN$ mil (%)
Upper
CAN$ mil (%)
Health system costs 963.8 (7) 2,216.8 (7) 37.8 (2) 144.3 (2)
Productivity costs 1,854.9 (14) 4,409.3 (14) 219.0 (13) 895.5 (13)
Caregiver costs 1,077.0 (8) 2,560.1 (8) 162.0 (10) 662.7 (10)
Other costs 380.6 (3) 904.8 (3) 109.4 (7) 447.4 (7)
Deadweight loss 706.0 (5) 1,662.9 (5) 38.3 (2) 155.7 (2)
Loss of wellbeing 8,431.7 (63) 20,043.6 (63) 1,071.4 (65) 4,381.9 (65)
Total costs 13,414.0 (100) 31,797.4 (100) 1,637.8 (100) 6,687.5 (100)
Total financial costs 4,982.2 (17) 11,753.9 (17) 566.5 (35) 2,305.7 (35)