Figure 3.

Effects of adenosine-5′-N-ethyluronamide (NECA), insulin on IL-6 and PGC-1α messenger RNA (mRNA) gene expression in rat L6 skeletal muscle myotubes using charcoal serum (70-90% confluent) starved for 7 days and then stimulated for 1 hour with NECA and then for 10 minutes with insulin (100 nM). IL-6 mRNA levels were measured relative to TATA-BOX using qRT-PCR; stimulation was performed with vehicle (0.1% dimethyl sulphoxide), NECA (10 μM), and insulin (100 nM); data are represented as the means ± SEM of at least three independent experimental groups. ∗ denotes p < 0.05 and ∗∗∗ denotes p < 0.001. Data are analysed using a one-way ANOVA test followed by a Tukey test.