Table 1.
Composition of diet formula (%).
| Ingredient | CON(1) | Ingredient | HFD(2) | HFD + PO5% | HFD + PO10% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ground whole hard meal | 34.90 | Casein | 26.50 | 25.18 | 23.85 |
| Ground #2 yellow corn | 21.00 | L-cysteine | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.36 |
| Ground whole oats | 10.00 | Maltodextrin | 16.00 | 15.2 | 14.4 |
| Wheat middlings | 10.00 | Sucrose | 9.00 | 8.55 | 8.10 |
| Fish meal (60% protein) | 9.00 | Lard | 31.00 | 29.45 | 27.9 |
| Soy oil | 2.00 | Soybean oil | 3.00 | 2.85 | 2.7 |
| Soybean meal (47.5% protein) | 5.00 | Cellulose | 6.55 | 6.55 | 5.90 |
| Alfalfa meal (17% protein) | 2.00 | Mineral mix(3) | 4.80 | 4.56 | 4.32 |
| Corn gluten meal (60% protein) | 2.00 | Calcium phosphate | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.31 |
| Dicalcium phosphate | 1.50 | Vitamin mix(4) | 2.10 | 2.0 | 1.89 |
| Yeast-brewer | 1.00 | Choline bitartrate | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.27 |
| Premixes | 0.60 | Blue food color | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Ground limestone | 0.50 | Portulaca oleracea powder(5) | — | 5.00 | 10.00 |
| Salt | 0.50 | Energy (kcal/g) (6) | 5.10 | 4.86 | 4.61 |
| Energy (kcal/g) | 3.11 | — |
(1)CON: control diet; HFD: high fat diet; HFD + PO5%: high fat diet + 5% P. oleracea powder; HFD + PO10%: high fat diet + 10% P. oleracea powder. (2)HFD was composed of 60% kcal from fat (protein 23.5%, carbohydrate 27.3%, and fat 34.3% by weight). (3)Mineral mixture according to AIN-93G-MX. (4)Vitamin mixture according to AIN-93-VX. (5)The powder was purchased from Hanbit Farm (Yeongdeok, Kyeongbuk, Korea) and composed of protein 13.4%, fat 1.9%, nitrogen-free extract 47.6%, ash 12.1%, and fiber 25.0% based on Standard Tables of Feed Composition from Korea National Institute of Animal Science. (6)Calculated by Portulaca oleracea nutrient based on Food Data Central of U.S Department of Agriculture.