Figure 2.

The mechanisms of necroptosis in ischemic stroke. After ischemic stroke, the content of TNF-α is increased and then it triggers the formation of complex I and complex II which converts into necrosome in the presence of caspase-8 inhibition. In this process, the change of RIP1 activation and RIP3 and MLKL phosphorylation accelerate necroptosis. TRADD: TNF receptor-associated death domain; TRAF: TNF receptor-associated factor; FADD: Fas-associating with death domain; cIAP: cellular inhibitors of apoptosis protein.