Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 stratified by disease severity.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 44) | Mild (n = 21) | Moderate (n = 12) | Severe (n = 11) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 57 ± 17 | 55 ± 20 | 56 ± 12 | 65 ± 16 | 0.27 |
| Age 70 + [n (%)] | 11 (25) | 4 (19) | 2 (16.6) | 5 (45.4) | 0.21 |
| Age 60–69 [n (%)] | 12 (27.2) | 6 (28.5) | 3 (25) | 3 (27.2) | 0.57 |
| Age 41–59 [n (%)] | 13 (29.5) | 5 (23.8) | 6 (50) | 2 (18.1) | 0.12 |
| Age < 40 [n (%)] | 8 (18.1) | 6 (28.5) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (9) | 0.17 |
| Sex, M [n (%)] | 26 (59) | 11 (52.3) | 8 (66.6) | 7 (63.6) | 0.33 |
| Race (W/NW) | 35/9 | 15/6 | 11/1 | 09/02 | 0.18 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.4 ± 4.7 | 22 ± 3.7 | 25.7 ± 5.8 | 24 ± 5.0 | 0.08 |
| Smoker, [n (%)] | 7 (15.9) | 4 (19) | 0 | 3 (27.2) | 0.09 |
| Uses public transportation, [n (%)] | 36 (81.8) | 18 (85.7) | 9 (75) | 7 (63.6) | 0.16 |
| Positive contact, [n (%)] | |||||
| Public transportation | 7 (15.9) | 2 (9.5) | 4 (33.3) | 1 (09) | 0.10 |
| Family members at home | 17 (38.6) | 7 (33.3) | 6 (50) | 4 (36.3) | 0.28 |
| During hospitalization | 4 (9) | 1 (4.7) | 0 | 3 (27.2) | 0.09 |
| Not known | 16 (36.3) | 11 (52.3) | 2 (16.6) | 3 (27.2) | 0.06 |
| Primary causes of ESRD, n (%) | |||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 13 (29.5) | 5 (23.8) | 6 (50) | 2 (18.1) | 0.14 |
| Hypertensive kidney disease | 17 (38.6) | 6 (28.5) | 4 (33.3) | 7 (63.6) | 0.06 |
| Others | 14 (31.8) | 10 (47.6) | 2 (16.6) | 2 (18.1) | 0.07 |
| Coexisting disorder, n (%) | |||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 19 (43.1) | 9 (42.8) | 6 (50) | 4 (36.3) | 0.51 |
| Hypertension | 39 (88.6) | 19 (90.4) | 11 (91.6) | 9 (81.8) | 0.42 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 21 (47.7) | 7 (33.3) | 07 (58.3) | 7 (63.6) | 0.10 |
| Lung disease | 7 (15.9) | 4 (19) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (18.1) | 0.38 |
| Cancer | 6 (13.6) | 1 (4.7)a | 1 (8.3) | 4 (36.3)a | ap = 0.03 |
| Dialysis modality, n (%) | |||||
| HD | 40 (90) | 21 (100)a | 11 (91.6) | 8 (72.7)a | ap = 0.03 |
| PD | 4 (9) | 0a | 1 (8.3) | 3 (27.2)a | ap = 0.03 |
| Dialysis (months), Mean (SD) | 40.7 ± 45.9 | 35.9 ± 31,8 | 37.2 ± 41.2 | 53.7 ± 71.2 | 0.39 |
| Treatments, n (%) | |||||
| Glucocorticoids | 14 (31.8) | 0a,b | 5 (41.6)a | 9 (81.8)b |
ap = 0.003 bp = 0.0001 |
| Azithromycin | 32 (72.7) | 13 (61.9) | 9 (75) | 10 (90.9) | 0.11 |
| ACE/ARB | 21 (47.7) | 9 (42.8) | 7 (58.3) | 5 (45.4) | 0.48 |
| Prophylactic Heparin use during hospitalization | 17 (38.6) | 0a,b | 9 (75)a | 8 (72.7)b |
ap = 0.0001 bp = 0.0001 |
| Oxygen therapy | 16 (36.3) | 0a,b | 5 (41.6)a,c | 11 (100)b,c |
ap = 0.003 bp = 0.0001 cp = 0.004 |
| MV | 7 (15.9) | 0a | 0 | 7 (63.6)a | ap < 0.0001 |
| Hospitalization, n (%) | 20 (45.4) | 0a,b | 9 (75)a,c | 11 (100)b,c |
ap < 0.0001 bp < 0.0001 cp = 0.001 |
| ICU, n (%) | 10 (22.7) | 0 | 0 | 10 (90.9) |
ap < 0.0001 bp < 0.0001 |
| Thromboembolic event, [n (%)] | 10 (22.7) | 5 (23.8) | 3 (25) | 2 (18.1) | 1.0 |
| *Incidence rate/10,000 | 954.4 | 455.5 | 260.3 | 238.6 | – |
| *Mortality rate/10,000 | 151.8 | 0 | 0 | 151.8 | – |
| *Fatality rate,% | 15.9 | 0 | 0 | 63.6 | – |
M, male; W, white; NW, nonwhite; BMI, body mass index; ESRD, end stage renal disease; HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis, ACE/ARB, renin angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors; MV, Mechanical ventilation; ICU, intensive care unit.
⁎
Calculations: The incidence, mortality and case fatality rates were calculated as follows: Incidence = number of cases from 03/01/2020 until the end of the current report (02/01/2021)/number of exposed people per 10,000. Mortality = number of deaths due to COVID-19/number of exposed people per 10,000. Fatality = (number of confirmed deaths due to COVID-19/number of confirmed COVID-19 cases) *100.