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. 2021 May 10;5(7):927–938. doi: 10.1038/s41559-021-01448-6

Fig. 3. Loss of NRL and contraction of crystalline genes are linked to the evolution of the pinhole eye.

Fig. 3

a, Distribution of core transcription factors crucial for regulating lens development and key optic gene families in multiple metazoans; the ‘+’ and ‘−’ symbols indicate eyes with and without lenses, respectively. b, Phylogenetic analysis of NRL/MAF superfamily from representative metazoans. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using MrBayes under a mixed model of amino acid substitution. The degree of support for internal branching is shown as a probability percentage at the base of each node. Notably, the large MAF only preserves one copy in molluscs but diverges into four clades in vertebrates. N. pompilius is the only extant species that has lost NRL. c, Phylogenetic analysis of crystallin superfamily from representative metazoans. Coleoid cephalopods, N. pompilius and non-cephalopod metazoans are indicated by the black, red and grey branches, respectively. For detailed results, see Supplementary Fig. 10.