Fig. 5.

Effects of Euglena gracilis extract on NF-κB activation in unstimulated and LPS-stimulated microglia. Cells were subcultured for 24 h in 10% serum-containing medium, which was replaced with serum-free medium before stimulation with 100 μg/mL EAE ± 100 ng/mL LPS. a–d Cells were then processed for NF-κB p65 (red) and Iba1 (green) immunostaining. Experiments were performed 3 times and representative confocal images showing subcellular localization of p65 are shown. Scale bar, 10 μm. e The fluorescence intensity of cytoplasmic and nuclear p65 subunit was calculated using ImageJ software and results are presented as a percentage of nuclear (dark gray bars) over cytoplasmic NF-κB p65 (white bars). Data are mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3)