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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
| Gene | Polymorphism | Variant alleles | Risk alleles |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dopamine D1 receptor DRD1 | rs4532 | A/G | A |
| Dopamine D2 receptor DRD2 | rs1800497 | A/G (A1/A2) | A (A1) |
| Dopamine D3 receptor DRD3 | rs6280 | C/T | C |
| Dopamine D4 receptor DRD4 | rs1800955 | C/T | C |
| Catechol-O-methyltransferase COMT | rs4680 | A/G (Met/Val) | G (Val) |
| Mu-opioid receptor OPRMI | rs1799971 | A/G (Asn/Asp) | G (Asp) |
