Table 2.
Preoperative imaging and exercise data
| Aerobic capacity+ (n=48) | Aerobic capacity- (n=28) | P value | |
| Echocardiography | |||
| RA reservoir strain, % | 29±6 | 24±6 | 0.001 |
| RA booster strain, % | 12±4 | 11±4 | 0.3 |
| RA conduit strain, % | 17±5 | 13±4 | <0.001 |
| RA volume index, mL/m2 | 56±17 | 64±19 | 0.08 |
| RA reservoir strain/RA max volume | 0.52±0.23 | 0.38±0.17 | 0.02 |
| RV global longitudinal strain,% | 17±3 | 15±4 | 0.04 |
| TAPSE, mm | 27±7 | 25±5 | 0.08 |
| RV s’, cm/s | 14±6 | 12±4 | 0.1 |
| RV fractional area change, % | 34±9 | 33±8 | 0.2 |
| IVC diameter-expiration, mm | 19±4 | 19±4 | 0.8 |
| IVC diameter-inspiration, mm | 9±2 | 10±2 | 0.8 |
| IVC collapsibility,% | 54±13 | 47±10 | 0.02 |
| Estimated RA pressure, mm Hg | 8±2 | 10±3 | 0.002 |
| ≥Moderate TR severity | 28 (100%) | 48 (100%) | 0.9 |
| TR velocity, m/s | 2.7±0.4 | 2.7±0.5 | 0.8 |
| Estimated RVSP, mm Hg | 37±6 | 39±7 | 0.2 |
| LA reservoir strain, % | 31.2±5.3 | 27.6±5.8 | 0.01 |
| LA volume index, mL/m2 | 25±9 | 27±10 | 0.4 |
| LA reservoir strain/LA max volume | 1.2±0.3 | 1.0±0.4 | 0.02 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index, mL/m2 | 53±8 | 48±7 | 0.01 |
| LV end-systolic volume index, mL/m2 | 21±6 | 20±5 | 0.05 |
| LV stroke volume index, mL m2 | 31±4 | 28±4 | <0.001 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 58±7 | 57±9 | 0.5 |
| LV global longitudinal strain, % | 21±4 | 19±4 | 0.04 |
| Diastolic LV eccentricity index | 1.37±0.21 | 1.49±0.21 | 0.02 |
| Lateral mitral E/e’ | 9±3 | 10±4 | 0.3 |
| Exercise test | |||
| Peak VO2, mL/kg/min | 23.4±4.2 | 20.8±5.2 | 0.03 |
| Predicted peak VO2, % | 65±16 | 56±17 | 0.02 |
| Predicted peak heart rate, % | 87±11 | 85±15 | 0.3 |
| Oxygen pulse, mL | 10.6±3.1 | 8.3±2.7 | <0.001 |
| VE/VCO2 slope | 26±5 | 31±7 | <0.001 |
| Oxygen saturation at rest, % | 98±1 | 98±1 | 0.9 |
| Oxygen saturation at peak, % | 96±2 | 94±2 | 0.3 |
| Cardiac MRI (n=51) | |||
| RV end-diastolic volume index, mL/m2 | 154±37 | 159±41 | 0.5 |
| RV end-systolic volume index, mL/m2 | 86±36 | 89±42 | 0.6 |
| TR volume index*, mL/m2 | 34±14 | 43±16 | 0.02 |
| RV ejection fraction, % | 46±13 | 44±12 | 0.2 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index, mL/m2 | 56±11 | 50±13 | 0.04 |
| LV end-systolic volume index, mL/m2 | 23±9 | 22±7 | 0.3 |
| LV stroke volume index, mL/m2 | 32±7 | 28±6 | 0.007 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 57±6 | 55±9 | 0.4 |
*TR volume index was calculated as RV anatomic stroke volume (end-diastolic minus end-systolic volume) minus RV effective stroke volume (LV stroke volume).
E/e’, ratio of mitral inflow pulsed wave Doppler early velocity to mitral annular tissue Doppler early velocity; IVC, inferior vena cava; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; s’, annular tissue Doppler systolic velocity; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; VE/VCO2, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide; VO2, oxygen consumption.