Table 1.
Antibacterial activity of the N. lappaceum sequential and direct crude extracts via disc diffusion.
| Zones of inhibition (mm) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | PC | SC | CF | EA | AC | ET | MT | WT | EA(D) | AC(D) |
| B. subtilis | 30.00 ± 0.70 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8.80 ± 0.65 | 9.39 ± 0.43 |
| MRSA | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8.58 ± 0.29 | – | |
| S. pyogenes | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8.35 ± 0.45 | |
| P. aeruginosa | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8.00 ± 0.01 | |
| K. pneumoniae | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| S. enterica | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.60 ± 0.28 | – | |
“–” no activity, PC: positive control (Gentamicin 10 µg), SC: solvent control (DMSO < 1%), CF: chloroform, EA: ethyl acetate, AC: acetone, ET: ethanol, MT: methanol, WT: water, all these are sequential. EA(D): ethyl acetate direct; AC(D): acetone direct. The data is expressed as the mean ± standard error of two independent experiments performed in technical triplicates.