Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and clinical profiles of participants.
| Characteristics | Patients with schizophrenia | Unaffected first-degree relatives | Patients with bipolar disorder | Healthy controls | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EOS (N = 104) | AOS (N = 111) | Total (N = 215) | REOS (N = 30) | RAOS (N = 42) | (N = 31) | (N = 100) | ||||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Male | 66a | 63.46 | 59 | 53.15 | 125 | 58.14 | 14 | 46.67 | 10 | 23.81 | 19 | 47.50 | 51 | 51.00 |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age (years) | 37.69a,f | 11.22 | 44.94 | 8.44 | 41.43 | 10.51 | 56.10d | 11.55 | 62.13e | 13.65 | 44.95 | 9.22 | 45.56 | 11.44 |
| Onset age (years) | 17.68f | 3.51 | 28.99 | 7.04 | 23.52 | 7.97 | – | – | – | – | 28.45 | 10.39 | – | – |
| Duration (years) | 20.01f | 10.78 | 15.95 | 8.95 | 17.91 | 10.06 | – | – | – | – | 16.50 | 9.86 | – | – |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.53a | 4.78 | 26.10b | 4.84 | 25.83 | 4.81 | 23.04 | 2.98 | 24.46 | 4.32 | 27.20c | 5.11 | 23.76 | 3.97 |
| NSS | 9.45a,f | 6.99 | 7.80b | 5.91 | 8.60 | 6.50 | 4.23d | 3.33 | 5.35e | 4.27 | 7.30c | 5.50 | 1.33 | 1.78 |
EOS early-onset of schizophrenia, AOS adult-onset of schizophrenia, REOS unaffected first-degree relatives of EOS, RAOS unaffected first-degree relatives of AOS, HC healthy controls, BMI body mass index, NSS neurological soft signs.
aEOS vs. HC, p < 0.05.
bAOS vs. HC, p < 0.05.
cBD vs. HC, p < 0.05.
dREOS vs. HC, p < 0.05.
eRAOS vs. HC, p < 0.05.
fEOS vs. AOS, p < 0.05.