Table 1.
List of epigenetic writers, readers, and erasers.
| DNA modification | Writer | Reader | Eraser | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5mC | DNMT1/3A/3B | MeCP2, MBDs, UHRF1/2 | TET1/2/3 | |
| Histone modification | Writer | Reader | Eraser | |
| H2AR3me | PRMT6 (2a) | |||
| H2AK5ac | HAT1 | BRD3 | ||
| p300 | BRPF1 | |||
| Tip60 | GCN5L2 | |||
| p300 | ||||
| H2AK5me | SIRT1 | |||
| H2AK9ac | HDAC5 | |||
| H2A11me | PRMT1/6 (2a) | |||
| H2AK15ac | CBP | CBP | ||
| p300 | p300 | |||
| H2AK26ac | p300 | |||
| H2AK26me | SIRT1 | |||
| H2AK36ac | BRD3 | |||
| H2AK75ac | p300 | |||
| BRD3 | ||||
| H2BK5ac | BRD2 | |||
| BRDT | ||||
| SMARCA4 | ||||
| H2BK12ac | BRD2 | |||
| BRDT | ||||
| H2BK15ac | p300 | BRD3 | ||
| H2BK43ac | p300 | p300 | ||
| H2BK46ac | p300 | |||
| H2BK85ac | CBP | |||
| H3R2me | CARM1 (1,2a) | WD40 (2) | ||
| PRMT5/7 (1,2 s) | Tudor (2) | |||
| PRMT6 (1,2a) | ||||
| H3K4me | ASH1L (1,3) | CHB (1) | KDM1A/B (1,2) | |
| MLL1–4 (1–3) | DCD (1–3) | KDM2B (3) | ||
| PRDM9 (3) | MBT (1,2) | KDM5A (2,3) | ||
| SETD1A/B (1–3) | PHD (2,3) | KDM5B (1–3) | ||
| SETD7 (1) | TTD (3) | KDM5C/D (2,3) | ||
| SMYD3 (2,3) | zf-CW (3) | NO66 (1–3) | ||
| H3K4ac | DPF | |||
| Bromo | ||||
| H3R8me | PRMT5(1, 2 s) | Tudor (2) | ||
| H3K9me | ESET (1,2) | ADD (3) | KDM1A/B (1,2) | |
| EHMT1/2 (1,2) | Ankyrin (1,2) | KDM3A (1,2) | ||
| PRDM2 (1 – 3) | CHD (2,3) | KDM3B (1–3) | ||
| PRDM3/8/16 (1) | MBT (1,2) | KDM3C (1,2) | ||
| SETDB1 (1–3) | PHD (3) | KDM4A-E (2,3) | ||
| SETDB2 (1, 2) | TTD (3) | KDM7A/B (1,2) | ||
| SUV39H1/2 (2,3) | WD40 (3) | |||
| H3K9ac | SRC1 | Bromo | SirT1/2/6 | |
| DPF | HDAC3 | |||
| H3K14ac | CBP | Bromo2 | SirT1 | |
| CLOCK | DPF | HDAC1/3 | ||
| ELP3 | tBromo | |||
| GCN5L2 | tPHD | |||
| KAT2B | ||||
| KAT7 | ||||
| MORF | ||||
| MOZ | ||||
| p300 | ||||
| Sas3 | ||||
| TAF1 | ||||
| TAFII230 | ||||
| TAFII250 | ||||
| TFIIIC90 | ||||
| Tip60 | ||||
| SRC1 | ||||
| H3R17me | CARM1(1, 2a) | Tudor (2) | SirT2/7 | |
| H3K18ac | p300 | DPF | ||
| CBP | Bromo | |||
| GCN5L2 | DBD | |||
| KAT2B | ||||
| ELP3 | ||||
| H3R23ac | CBP | Bromo | ||
| KAT7 | DPF | |||
| GCN5L2 | ||||
| KAT2B | ||||
| CBP | ||||
| p300 | ||||
| H3R23me | CHD (2,3) | |||
| MBT (1,2) | ||||
| H3R26me | CARM1(1, 2a) | Tudor (2) | ||
| H3K27me | EZH1/2 (2,3) | CHD (2,3) | KDM6A/B (2,3) | |
| MBT (1,2) | KDM7A/B (1,2) | |||
| WD40 (3) | ||||
| H3K27ac | CBP | |||
| p300 | ||||
| H3K36me | SETD (1–3) | CHB (2,3) | KDM2A/B(1,2) | |
| NSD1–3 (1,2) | MBT (1,2) | KDM4A/B/C(2,3) | ||
| SMYD2 (2) | PWWP (3) | NO66 (2,3) | ||
| ASH1L (1,2) | Tudor (3) | |||
| H3K36ac | GCN5L2 | Bromo | ||
| KAT2B | DPF | |||
| H3R42me | CARM1 (2a) | Tudor (2) | ||
| PRMT6 (2a) | ||||
| H3K56me | EHMT2 (1,2) | MBT (1,2) | ||
| SUV39H1 (2,3) | ||||
| H3K56ac | CBP | Bromo | HDAC1/2 | |
| p300 | DPH | SirT1/2/6 | ||
| GCN5L2 | Snf5 | |||
| H3K64me | DOT1L (1–3) | MBT (1,2) | ||
| PWWP (3) | ||||
| Tudor (2) | ||||
| H3K79me | DOT1L (1–3) | |||
| H3K79ac | p300 | Bromo | ||
| DPF | ||||
| H3K122ac | CBP | |||
| p300 | ||||
| H4R3me | PRMT1/6 (1,2a) | ADD (2 s) | ||
| PRMT5/7 (1,2 s) | Tudor (2) | |||
| H4K5me | SMYD3 (1) | MBT (1,2) | ||
| H4K5ac | HAT1 | Bromo | HDAC1/2/3 | |
| GCN5L2 | DBD | |||
| CBP | ||||
| p300 | ||||
| Tip60 | ||||
| KAT7 | ||||
| H4K8ac | Y-ATF2 | Bromo | HDAC1/2 | |
| GCN5L2 | DBD | |||
| CBP | ||||
| p300 | ||||
| Tip60 | ||||
| KAT7 | ||||
| ELP3 | ||||
| H4K12me | SET5 (1) | MBT (1,2) | ||
| H4K12ac | HAT1 | DBD | HDAC1/2/3 | |
| GCN5L2 | ||||
| p300 | ||||
| Tip60 | ||||
| KAT7 | ||||
| H4K16ac | ATF2 | Bromo | HDAC1/2/3 | |
| CBP | DBD | SirT1/2/6 | ||
| p300 | ||||
| Tip60 | ||||
| KAT8 | ||||
| H4K20me | SUV420H1/2 (2,3) | BAH (2) | KDM7A/B (1,2) | |
| SETD8 (1) | CHB (1) | |||
| NSD1/2 (1,2) | MBT (1,2) | |||
| ASH1L (1–3) | PWWP (1,3) | |||
| TTD (2) | ||||
| Tudor (2) | ||||
| WD40 (2) | ||||
| H4K91ac | GCN5L2 | |||
Abbreviations: (1): mono-methylation; (2): di-methylation; (3): tri-methylation; a: asymmetrical; s: symmetrical; ADD: ATRX, DNMT3, DNMT3L domain; ASH1L: ASH1-like protein; ATF2: activating transcription factor 2; BAH: bromo-adjacent homology; BRD2: bromodomain containing 2; BRDT: bromodomain testis-specific protein; BRPF1: bromodomain and PHD finger containing 1; CARM1: coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1, also known as PRMT4; CBP: CREB binding protein; CHB: chromo-barrel; CHD: chromodomain; SETDB2: SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 2, also known as KMT1F, CLLD8; DBD: double bromodomain; DCD: double chromodomain; DNMT: DNA methyltransferase; DOT1L: DOT1 like histone lysine methyltransferase; DPF: double PHD finger; DPH: Double PH; EHMT1: euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 1; ELP3: Elongator complex protein 3; EP300: E1A binding protein P300; SETDB1: SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1, also known as ESET; EZH2: enhancer of zeste 1 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit; GCN5L2: general control of amino acid synthesis yeast homolog like 2, also known as KAT2A; HAT1: histone acetyltransferase 1; HDAC: histone deacetylase; KDM: lysine (K)-specific demethylase; MBT: malignant brain tumor domain; MLL: myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia; MORF: MO Z-related f actor; MOZ: monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein; NO66: NO66 Oxygenase; NSD: nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein; PHD: plant homeodomain; PRDM: PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain-containing protein; PRMT: protein arginine methyltransferase; PWWP: Proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline motif; Sas3: Histone acetyltransferase SAS3; SET: suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste, trithorax ; SET5: SET domain-containing 5; SETD: SET domain-containing protein; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SMARCA4: SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4; SMYD2: SET and MYND (Myeloid-Nervy-DEAF1) domain-containing protein 2; Snf5: SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex subunit snf5; SRC1: steroid receptor coactivator 1; SUV39H1: suppressor of variegation 3–9 homolog 1; SUV420H1: suppressor of variegation 4–20 homolog 1; TAF1: TATA-box binding pprotein associated factor 1; TAFII230: TFIID 230kDa subunit; TAFII250: TFIID 250 kDa subunit; tBromo: tandom Bromo; TET: Ten-eleven translocation; TFIIIC90: transcription factor IIIC 90kD subunit; tPHD: tandom PHD; TTD: tandem tudor domain; Y-ATF2: activating transcription factor 2; zf-CW: zinc finger CW.