Table 4.
Distribution of participants by potential risk factors for GDM in Dodoma (N=582)
| Variable | n | % |
| Age at first conception (years) | ||
| <20 | 372 | 63.9 |
| 20–34 | 210 | 36.1 |
| Family history of diabetes | ||
| Yes | 49 | 8.4 |
| No | 533 | 91.6 |
| Awareness about GDM | ||
| Yes | 23 | 4 |
| No | 559 | 96 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||
| None | 555 | 95.4 |
| At least one bottle per day | 21 | 3.6 |
| Stopped after conception | 6 | 1 |
| Physical activity | ||
| Low | 475 | 81.6 |
| Moderate | 107 | 18.4 |
| History of LGA infant | ||
| Yes | 120 | 20.6 |
| No | 462 | 79.4 |
| Type of family | ||
| Nuclear family | 309 | 53.1 |
| Single parent family | 10 | 1.7 |
| Extended family | 117 | 20.1 |
| Childless family | 146 | 25.1 |
| Number of family members | ||
| 1–4 | 401 | 68.9 |
| 5–8 | 160 | 27.5 |
| 9–15 | 21 | 3.6 |
| Number of dependents | ||
| ≤3 | 570 | 97.9 |
| >3 | 12 | 2.1 |
| History of abortion | ||
| None | 505 | 86.8 |
| At least one | 77 | 13.2 |
| History of preterm delivery | ||
| None | 562 | 96.6 |
| At least one | 20 | 3.4 |
| MUAC | ||
| <28 cm (normal) | 332 | 57 |
| >28 cm (overweight) | 250 | 43 |
| Pre-eclampsia | ||
| Negative | 564 | 97 |
| Positive | 18 | 3 |
GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; LGA, large for gestational age; MUAC, middle upper arm circumference.