TABLE 5.

Possible Ca²⁺ signaling pathways in type II taste bud cells.

Molecule	Activation	Effect	Source
VDCC	depolarization	Ca2+ influx	Béhé et al., 1990; Medler et al., 2003; Hacker and Medler, 2008
ORAI/STIM	Ca2+ release from the store	Ca2+ influx	Ogura et al., 2002; Matsumura et al., 2009; Gilbertson and Khan, 2014; Ozdener et al., 2014
TRMP5/TRPM4	depolarization and Ca2+	Na+ influx and depolarization	Pérez et al., 2002; Prawitt et al., 2003; Talavera et al., 2005; Kaske et al., 2007
CNG	cAMP/cGMP	Na+ influx and depolarization	Kolesnikov and Margolskee, 1995; Misaka et al., 1997
Ryanodine Receptor	Ca2+, L-type VDCC	Ca2+ release from the store	Rebello and Medler, 2010; Rebello et al., 2013
IP3R	IP3	Ca2+ release from the store	Clapp et al., 2001; Hacker and Medler, 2008
TRPV1	capsaicine, temperature, H+	Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+ influx	Lyall et al., 2004; Hacker and Medler, 2008; Laskowski and Medler, 2009
CaSR	glutation, Ca2+	Ca2+ release from the store	Maruyama et al., 2012; Medina et al., 2016

Expression and functionality were assessed with RT-PCR (Prawitt et al., 2003; Hacker and Medler, 2008; Laskowski and Medler, 2009; Matsumura et al., 2009; Rebello and Medler, 2010; Maruyama et al., 2012) immunohistochemistry (Misaka et al., 1997; Clapp et al., 2001; Medler et al., 2003; Kaske et al., 2007; Hacker and Medler, 2008; Matsumura et al., 2009; Rebello and Medler, 2010; Maruyama et al., 2012; Rebello et al., 2013; Medina et al., 2016), in situ hybridization (Pérez et al., 2002), live-microscopy imaging (Ogura et al., 2002; Hacker and Medler, 2008; Laskowski and Medler, 2009; Rebello and Medler, 2010; Maruyama et al., 2012; Rebello et al., 2013; Ozdener et al., 2014; Medina et al., 2016), and electrophysiology (Béhé et al., 1990; Kolesnikov and Margolskee, 1995; Misaka et al., 1997; Medler et al., 2003; Prawitt et al., 2003; Lyall et al., 2004; Talavera et al., 2005).