Table 1.

Intra-examiner repeatability and inter-examiner reproducibility estimated using within-subjects variability on One-way ANOVA.

Heterophoria measure	Test distance	Intra-examiner repeatability (Δ) (95% confidence limits)	Inter-examiner reproducibility (Δ) (95% confidence limits)
Alternating prism cover test	6 m	0.9 (−1.7 to 3.3)	0.6 (−1.3 to 1.9)
	40 cm	1.5 (−1.9 to 6.7)	1.1 (−1.1 to 4.0)
Von Graefe	6 m	1.1 (−1.9 to 4.4)	0.8 (−1.5 to 2.7)
	40 cm	2.3 (−1.1 to 11.7)	2.0 (−1.6 to 9.5)
Howell Card	3 m	0.6 (−1.3 to 1.9)	0.4 (−1.0 to 1.3)
	33 cm	1.3 (−1.9 to 5.2)	1.4 (−1.9 to 5.9)
Maddox Rod	6 m	1.0 (−1.1 to 4.0)	0.6 (−1.3 to 2.0)
	40 cm	1.9 (−1.6 to 9.1)	2.1 (−1.4 to 10.3)