Table 1. Study characteristics included in this systemic review.
| Reference | Gender of Study population; period of data collection; location | Sample size | Study design | Mean age (SD) or age range (years) | Method of detection | Dengue serotype detected | No. of Dengue cases alone/prevalence (%) | No. of Dengue co-infection cases/prevalence (%) | Overall dengue prevalence | Risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mustapha et al. [15] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Gwagwalada, FCT, Abuja. | 178 | Cross sectional | ≤10 - >50 | Malaria: microscopy | NAa | 56/126 (44.4) | 23/52 (44.2) | IgG = 79/178 (44.4) | Intermediate |
| Dengue: ELISA-IgG | ||||||||||
| Ugwu et al. [16] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Jos, Plateau State. | 118 | Cross sectional | 1 - 60 | Dengue: ELISA-IgG, ELISA-IgM, ELISA-IgM/IgG | DENV 1 - 4 | Male = 8/42 (19.0) [IgM] | NAb | IgM = 13/118 (11.0) | Intermediate |
| Male = 9/42 (21.4) [IgG] | ||||||||||
| Male = 1/42 (2.4) [IgM/IgG] | IgG = 17/118 (14.4) | |||||||||
| Female = 5/76 (6.6) [IgM] | ||||||||||
| Female = 8/76 (10.5) [IgG] | IgM/IgG = 3/118 (2.5) | |||||||||
| Female = 2/76 (2.6) [IgM/IgG] | ||||||||||
| Sule et al. [17] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Osun State | 89 | Institutional-based, retrospective | 15 - 33 (19.7 ± 2.9) |
Dengue: ELISA-IgG, ELISA-IgM | DENV 1 - 4 | Male = 10/43 (23.3) [IgM] | NAb | IgM = 37/89 (41.6) | High |
| Male = 11/43 (25.6) [IgG] | ||||||||||
| Female = 27/46 (58.7) [IgM] | IgG = 30/89 (33.7) | |||||||||
| Female = 19/46 (41.3) [IgG] | ||||||||||
| Idoko et al. [18] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Kaduna State | 340 | Cross sectional | NAa | Malaria: microscopy | NAa | 4/182 (2.2) | 2/158 (1.3) | IgM = 6/334 (1.8) | Intermediate |
| Dengue: ELISA-IgM | ||||||||||
| Oladipo et al. [19] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Ogbomoso, Oyo State | 93 | Cross sectional | 37.6 ± 0.67 | Dengue: ELISA-IgM | NAa | Male = 7/37 (18.9) | NAb | IgM = 16/93 (17.2) | High |
| Female = 9/56 (16.1) | ||||||||||
| Suchi et al. [20] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Karu, Nasarawa State between February - July, 2017. | 400 | Cross sectional | ≤20 - ≥30 | Malaria: microscopy | NAa | 2/380 (0.5) | 10/20 (50) | IgM = 12/400 (3.0) | Low |
| Dengue: ELISA-IgM, ELISA-IgG, ELISA-NS1 | NS1 = 12/400 (3.0) | |||||||||
| IgG = 0/400 (0.0) | ||||||||||
| Mahmoud et al. [21] | Recruitment of male blood donors and pregnant female participants in Dutse, Jigawa State. | 391 | Cross sectional | 11 - 50 | Dengue: ELISA-IgG, ELISA-IgM, ELISA-IgM/IgG | NAa | Male = 35/233 (15) [IgM] | NAb | IgM = 58/391 (14.8) | Intermediate |
| Male = 38/223 (17) [IgG] | ||||||||||
| Male = 21/223 (9.4) [IgM/IgG] | IgG = 48/391 (12.3) | |||||||||
| Female = 23/118 (19.5) [IgM] | ||||||||||
| Female = 10/118 (8.5) [IgG] | IgM/IgG = 23/391 (5.9) | |||||||||
| Female = 2/118 (1.7) [IgM/IgG] | ||||||||||
| Oladipo et al. [22] | Recruitment of male and female participants from urban and rural areas of Oyo State. | 93 | Cross sectional | 1 - 75 | Dengue: ELISA-IgM, West Nile: ELISA-IgM, Yellow fever: ELISA-IgM. | NAa | NAc | NAc | IgM = 16/97 (16.5) | High |
| Kolawole et al. [23] | Recruitment of male and female participants from Illorin, Kwara State. | 176 | Cross sectional | 0 - >70 | Malaria: RNeasy mini kits | DENV 1 - 4 | IgM = 76/171 (44.4) | IgM = 5/5 (100) | IgM = 81/176 (46.0) | Low |
| Dengue: ELISA-IgM, ELISA-IgG, RT-PCR | IgG = NAa | IgG = NAa | IgG = 48/176 (27.3) | |||||||
| RNA = 11/176 (6.3) | ||||||||||
| Dawurung et al. [24] | Recruitment of male and female participants from Jos, Plateau State. | 182 | Cross sectional | 0 - 70 | Malaria: microscopy, Typhoid: widal, Dengue: ELISA-NS1 antigen. | NAa | 2/96 (2.1) | 2/86 (2.3) | NS1 = 4/182 (2.2) | Low |
| Nasir et al. [11] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Gwagwalada, FCT, Abuja from May - August, 2016. | 171 | Hospital-based cross-sectional | 1 - ≥49 | Dengue: ELISA-NS1 & ELISA-IgG. | DENV 1 - 4 | Male = NAa [NS1] | NAb | NS1 = 3/171 (1.8) | Intermediate |
| Male = 28/72 (38.9) [IgG] | ||||||||||
| Female = NAa [NS1] | IgG = 62/171 (36.3) | |||||||||
| Female = 46/99 (46.5) [IgG] | NS1/IgG = 12/171 (7.0) | |||||||||
| Onoja et al. [25] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Cross River State. | 17 | Cross-sectional | 13 - 80 | Dengue: RT-PCR | DENV 1 - 2 | NAa | NAb | RNA = 3/17 (17.6) | Intermediate |
| Hamisu et al. [26] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Maiduguri, Borno State from January - May, 2016. | 91 | Cross-sectional | 1 - ≥60 | Dengue: ELISA-NS1 & ELISA-IgM. | NAa | Male = 2/18 (11.1) [NS1] | NAb | NS1 = 9/91 (9.9) | Intermediate |
| Male = 4/18 (22.2) [IgM] | IgM = 34/91 (37.4) | |||||||||
| Female = 7/73 (9.6) [NS1] | NS1/IgM = 3/91 (3.3) | |||||||||
| Female = 30/73 (41.1) [IgM] | ||||||||||
| Baba et al. [27] | Recruitment of participants in FCT-Abuja, Gombe, Kano, Calabar and Maiduguri, Borno State from June 2001 - July, 2002. | 1948 | Cross-sectional | NAa | WNV: RT-PCR, PRNT-neutralizing Ab; Dengue: ELISA-IgG, ELISA-IgM, PRNT-neutralizing Ab. | DENV 1 - 4 | 11/1,946 (0.6) | 2/2 (100) | IgM = 13/1,948 (0.7) | Low |
| IgG = 979/1,948 | ||||||||||
| Neutralizing Ab = 13/1,948 | ||||||||||
| Adesina & Adeniji [28] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Ile-Ife. | 179 | Cross-sectional | <1 - 90 | Malaria: microscopy | NAa | 9/44 (20.5) | 37/135 (27.4) | IgM = 46/179 (25.7) | Intermediate |
| Dengue: ELISA-IgM | ||||||||||
| Abdulaziz et al. [29] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Kano in November 2017. | 424 | Hospital-based, cross-sectional | <10 - ≥50 | Malaria: RDT | NAa | 332/343 (96.8) | 67/81 (82.7) | IgM = 399/424 (94.1) | Intermediate |
| Dengue: ELISA-IgM | ||||||||||
| Otu et al. [8] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Calabar, Cross River State between January 4 – August 24 2017. | 420 | Cross-sectional | 34 (1 - 99) | Malaria: microscopy | NAa | 16/202 (7.9) | 8/218 (3.7) | IgM/IgG = 24/420 (5.7) | Intermediate |
| Dengue: RDT-IgM/IgG | ||||||||||
| Chukwuma et al. [30] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Nnewi, Anambra State. | 96 | Cross-sectional | 0 - 5 | Malaria: microscopy | NAa | 3/17 (17.6) | 71/79 (89.9) | IgM = 74/96 (77.1) | High |
| Dengue: ELISA-IgM | ||||||||||
| Onyedibe et al. [31] | Recruitment of participants in Jos, Plateau State and Maiduguri, Borno State from March-August, 2014. | 529 | Cross-sectional | <18 - 57 | Malaria: microscopy, Dengue: ELISA-NS1/IgM, ELISA-IgM/IgG, ELISA-IgM & ELISA-IgG. | NAa | 83/412 (20.1) | 28/117 (23.9) | IgG = 23/529 (4.3) | Low |
| IgM = 29/529 (5.4) | ||||||||||
| NS1 = 7/529 (1.3) | ||||||||||
| IgM/IgG = 39/529 (7.3) | ||||||||||
| IgM/NS1 = 13/529 (2.5) | ||||||||||
| Oyero & Ayukekbong [32] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Ibadan, Oyo State from January - April, 2013. | 188 | Cross sectional | 4 - 82 (31) | Malaria: microscopy, Dengue: ELISA-NS1, ELISA-IgM & ELISA-IgG. | NAa | IgG = 94/144 (65.3) | IgG = 44/44 (100) | IgG = 138/188 (73) | Low |
| NS1 = 48/144 (33) | NS1 = 19/44 (43) | NS1 = 67/188 (35) | ||||||||
| Ayolabi et al. [33] | Recruitment of male and female participants in Lagos, Lagos State from April - August, 2018. | 130 | Cross sectional | ≤60 | Dengue: RT-PCR/Sequencing | DENV 1 - 3 | NAa | NAb | RNA = 11/130 (8.5) | Low |
anot available, bnot applicable, caccessible.
SD, standard deviation; FCT, federal capital territory; ELISA: enzyme linked immunosrobent assay; IgG, immunoglulin G; NA: nucleic acid; DENV, Dengue virus; IgM, immunoiglobulin M; NS1, non-structural protein-1; RNA, ribonucleic acid; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; WNV, West Nile virus; PRNT, plaque reduction neutralization test; RDT, rapid diagnostic test.