Table 3.
Unadjusted, Within-Group Comparisons of Outcome Measures Before and After ESS in Case Subjects With CRS.
| Outcome Measures | N | Preoperative | Postoperative | Difference | 95% CI | Test Statistic | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||||
| TDI total score | 113 | 22.0 ± 9.2 | 25.7 ± 8.6 | 3.7 ± 8.2 | 2.2–5.2 | t= −4.79 | <0.001 |
| Threshold | 113 | 3.6 ± 3.0 | 4.4 ± 3.1 | 0.8 ± 3.4 | 0.2–1.5 | t= −2.63 | 0.01 |
| Discrimination | 113 | 9.0 ± 3.5 | 10.5 ± 3.4 | 1.4 ± 3.7 | 0.7–2.1 | t= −4.07 | <0.001 |
| Identification | 113 | 9.4 ± 4.1 | 10.8 ± 3.6 | 1.4 ± 3.4 | 0.8–2.0 | t= −4.40 | <0.001 |
| OCES | 70 | 4.3 ± 3.5 | 2.6 ± 3.8 | 1.7 ± 3.8 | 0.8–2.7 | t= 3.82 | <0.001 |
| QOD-NS | 109 | 13.2 ± 10.5 | 7.3 ± 8.0 | 5.9 ± 8.7 | 4.3–7.6 | t= 7.12 | <0.001 |
ESS, endoscopic sinus surgery; SD, standard deviation; LL, lower limit; UL, upper limit; TDI, threshold, discrimination, identification; OCES, olfactory cleft endoscopy scale; QOD-NS, Questionnaire of Olfactory Dysfunction-Negative Statements. t, paired samples t-test statistic for within subject comparison; CRS, chronic rhinosinusitis; N, sample size; CI, confidence interval of average difference.