Table 1.
Molecular Targets of Brain Metastasis and their functions.
| Target | Function | Cancer Type | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| ST6GALNAC5, COX2, HBEGF | Adhesion to brain endothelial cells and extravasation | Breast | 16 |
| SDF-1/CXCR4 | Migration, extravasation and BBB permeability | Lung, Breast | 18 |
| Serpins, L1CAM | Vascular co-option and survival | Breast, Lung | 12 |
| PCDH7, Cx43 | Forms tumor cell-astrocyte gap junctions, promotes outgrowth | Breast, Lung, Melanoma | 23 |
| Notch signaling | Self-renewal of cancer stem cells in brain | Breast | 22 |
| Astrocyte-secreted exosomes | Myeloid recruitment, proliferation, outgrowth | Breast, Melanoma | 32 |
| ACSS2 | Outgrowth in brain | Breast, Lung, Melanoma | 28 |
| cMET | Adhesion to brain endothelial cells, angiogenesis | Breast, Lung | 15 |
| ADAM9 | Migration, Angiogenesis | Lung | 13 |
| ADAM8 | Transendothelial migration, angiogenesis | Breast | 14 |
| Endothelin receptors | Promotes survival and interaction with brain microenvironment | Breast, Lung, Melanoma | 24 |
| Angiopoietin-2 | Disrupt BBB | Breast, Lung | 17 |
| STAT3 signaling | Immune cell expansion and activation | Breast, Lung Melanoma | 20 |
| Hexokinase 2 | Outgrowth in brain | Breast | 26 |