Table 2.
Therapies for Brain Metastasis. Several clinical trials are underway to investigate disease-specific therapies for brain metastasis, as well as checkpoint blockade for brain metastasis. When available, outcomes are summarized
| Cancer Type | Drug/Target | Clinical Trial | Clinical Trial Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung | Osimertinib (EGFR) | FLAURA | PFS=18.9 months, HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.37–0.57 | 92 |
| Lung | Alectinib (ALK) | Global ALEX | CNS RR=81%, Response duration=17.3 months | 94 |
| Lung | Ceritinib (ALK) | ASCEND-4 | PFS=10.7 months, HR=0.70, 95% CI 0.44–1.12 | 95 |
| Lung | Lorlatinib (ALK) | IC-ORR=40–75% | 96 | |
| Melanoma | Dabrafenib+trametinib (BRAF) | COMBI-MB | IC-ORR=59% | 98 |
| Melanoma | Vemurafenib (BRAF) | IC-ORR=15%, PFS 4.0 months, OS 9.6 months | 99 | |
| Breast | Abemaciclib (CDK4/6) | NCT02308020 | In Progress | 100 |
| Breast | Pertuzumab +trastuzumab +docetaxel (HER2) | CLEOPATRA | OS=34.4 months | 101 |
| Breast | Trastuzumab emtansine (HER2) | EMILIA | OS=26.8 months | 103 |
| Breast | Tucatinib + capecitabine + trastuzumab (HER2) | HER2CLIMB | In Progress | |
| Breast (TNBC) | Cisplatin +/− veliparib | NCT02595905 | In Progress | |
| Breast | Etirinotecan Pegol (NKTR-102) | NCT02915744 | In Progress | |
| Melanoma | Ipilimumab + nivolumab (CTLA-4+PD-1) | NCT02374242 | Intracranial ORR=46% | 83 |
| Lung, Melanoma | Pembroluzimab (PD-1) | NCT02085070 | Intracranial RR=33% for NSCLC, Intracranial RR=22% for melanoma | 84 |
| NSCLC | Nivolumab +/− Ipilimumab +Radiation (PD-1, CTLA4) | NCT02696993 | In Progress | |
| Brain Mets (any solid tumor) | Pembrolizumab (PD-1) | NCT02886585 | In Progress |