Table 4.
Descriptive statistics for each MRMAS item – study 2.
| Item | Code | Mean | SD | Item-Total Correlation | Skewness raw item scores | Skewness SQRT transformed | Skewness LG10 transformed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. If a man is raped it does not mean he is weak | 1M.C.A.R | 2.28 | 1.85 | .437 | 1.410 | 1.059 | 0.757 |
| 2. A man who is raped must have been behaving in a way that made him appear homosexual | 1S.B.A | 1.80 | 1.28 | .755 | 1.603 | 1.261 | 1.006 |
| 3. Male rape is very rare, if it occurs at all | 1C.T.C. | 2.67 | 1.51 | .568 | 0.600 | 0.242 | -0.096 |
| 6. Male on male rape only happens to homosexual men | 2S.C.C. | 1.82 | 1.21 | .774 | 1.438 | 1.111 | 0.858 |
| 7. A male victim who ejaculates during the incident has not been raped | 1PL.B.C. | 1.80 | 1.19 | .685 | 1.549 | 1.151 | 0.863 |
| 8. Almost all male rape occurs in institutions such as prisons or the military | 2C.T.C. | 2.68 | 1.48 | .547 | 0.589 | 0.208 | -0.145 |
| 9. A homosexual man who rapes other men does so out of sexual desire | 2P.B.C. | 3.47 | 1.58 | .418 | 0.057 | -0.369 | -0.786 |
| 10. Most men would be able to fight off a male sexual attacker | 3M.C.C. | 2.66 | 1.45 | .653 | 0.588 | 0.224 | -0.131 |
| 11. Rape is an accepted risk of a ‘homosexual lifestyle’ | 3S.B.A. | 1.80 | 1.23 | .743 | 1.518 | 1.193 | 0.939 |
| 14. Heterosexual men who commit rape do so to act upon secret homosexual desires | 3P.C.C. | 3.19 | 1.56 | .478 | 0.163 | -0.226 | -0.579 |
| 15. In ‘real’ cases of male rape, there will be some evidence of physical resistance | 4M.B.C. | 3.03 | 1.72 | .519 | 0.413 | 0.072 | -0.256 |
| 16. Heterosexual men ‘cry rape’ to hide their homosexual activities | 4S.B.A. | 2.40 | 1.39 | .681 | 0.631 | 0.329 | 0.065 |
| 17. Even if force is used to initiate sex, the victim's erection can be interpreted as pleasure | 3PL.B.C. | 2.03 | 1.35 | .647 | 1.203 | 0.869 | 0.601 |
| 18. I would expect heterosexual victims of rape to be more traumatized than homosexual victims | 1E.C.A. | 2.32 | 1.61 | .646 | 1.069 | 0.728 | 0.443 |
| 19. Coercive sexual practices between men (e.g., forced oral sex) form a legitimate part of group initiations such as those used in fraternities or sporting societies | 4C.T.C. | 2.16 | 1.36 | .513 | 0.817 | 0.575 | 0.371 |
| 20. A man would not rape another man if he was sexually fulfilled elsewhere | 4P.B.C. | 2.11 | 1.40 | .635 | 1.256 | 0.859 | 0.534 |
| 21. Just because a man is raped does not mean he is homosexual | 5S.C.C.R | 2.05 | 1.69 | .492 | 1.604 | 1.289 | 1.007 |
| 22. Men should feel ashamed as a result of being raped | 2E.C.A. | 1.74 | 1.29 | .678 | 1.852 | 1.462 | 1.181 |
| 23. Most cases of male rape include the use of a weapon | 5C.T.C. | 3.36 | 1.30 | .345 | -0.394 | -0.762 | -1.115 |
| 24. Male rape is only perpetrated by homosexual men | 5P.C.C. | 2.07 | 1.34 | .731 | 1.145 | 0.808 | 0.525 |
| 25. A homosexual man who has been raped probably enjoyed the experience to some extent | 4PL.C.A. | 1.71 | 1.19 | .768 | 1.173 | 1.389 | 1.132 |
| 26. A man is more responsible for his own rape if he frequents a known homosexual area or establishment | 6C.B.A. | 1.77 | 1.24 | .832 | 1.592 | 1.284 | 1.037 |
| 27. Only men who are big and strong are able to rape other men | 6P.C.C. | 1.95 | 1.27 | .791 | 1.316 | 0.962 | 0.661 |
| 28. I would find it difficult to consider a man a ‘real man’ if he said he had been raped | 5M.C.A. | 1.76 | 1.25 | .806 | 1.694 | 1.351 | 1.091 |
| 29. If a man has already had consensual sex with other men, I would not believe his claims of rape | 6S.B.A. | 1.73 | 1.14 | .830 | 1.637 | 1.261 | 0.974 |
| 30. A man who is raped is not as traumatized by the experience as a woman | 3E.C.A. | 1.84 | 1.31 | .752 | 1.595 | 1.228 | 0.953 |
| 31. If a man is drunk or taking drugs he is accepting rape as a possible risk | 6C.B.A | 1.84 | 1.26 | .685 | 1.506 | 1.162 | 0.882 |
| 32. Men who commit rape are naturally more aggressive in their day to day lives | 7P.C.C. | 3.30 | 1.60 | .272 | 0.160 | -0.231 | -0.611 |
| 33. It is acceptable for a ‘real man’ to show fear during a sexual attack by another man | 6M.B.A.R | 2.38 | 1.87 | .414 | 1.208 | 0.917 | 0.642 |
| 34. A man who claims to have been raped probably just changed his mind after initially consenting to sex | 7S.B.A. | 1.87 | 1.16 | .801 | 1.244 | 0.916 | 0.652 |
| 35. A male victim's reaction to rape is more likely to be practical than emotional (e.g., obtaining a HIV test rather than seeking support) | 4E.B.C. | 3.14 | 1.70 | .285 | 0.247 | -0.092 | -0.400 |
| 36. A male victim of rape must have behaved in a way that invited the assault | 7C.B.A. | 1.74 | 1.13 | .826 | 1.625 | 1.241 | 0.946 |
| 37. A heterosexual man who had been raped would still be desirable to women | 7M.C.A.R. | 2.75 | 1.78 | .519 | 0.842 | 0.485 | 0.130 |
| 38. Male rape is a homosexual act | 8S.C.C. | 2.80 | 1.76 | .528 | 0.709 | 0.336 | 0.004 |
| 39. If a man has been raped he should be able to cope on his own | 5E.C.A. | 1.79 | 1.24 | .757 | 1.652 | 1.261 | 0.965 |
| 40. I would find it difficult to believe a man had been raped if he had previously consented to sex with the same man | 8C.B.A.R. | 2.01 | 1.35 | .769 | 1.343 | 0.963 | 0.653 |
| 41. Regardless of how they identify themselves, I believe that men who rape other men are homosexual | 8P.C.A | 2.69 | 1.71 | .588 | 0.794 | 0.408 | 0.073 |
| 42. ‘Real men’ cannot be raped | 8M.C.A. | 1.61 | 1.16 | .773 | 2.149 | 1.721 | 1.403 |
| 43. I would expect a man to be ‘matter of fact’ and in control of his emotions when reporting a rape | 6E.B.A. | 1.98 | 1.35 | .745 | 1.377 | 1.010 | 0.708 |
| 44. A man who has been raped did not set sexual limits understood by the perpetrator | 9C.B.C. | 2.02 | 1.36 | .681 | 1.366 | 0.950 | 0.636 |
| 45. Male victims of rape have very little emotional trauma to cope with | 7E.C.A. | 1.63 | 1.16 | .753 | 1.997 | 1.617 | 1.335 |
Note: Skewness SE = 0.106. Code is comprised of a) a number denoting the position of that item within each theme, b) a letter denoting the theme (M = Masculinity, S = Sexuality, PL = Pleasure, E = Effect, C = Context, P = Perpetrator), c) whether the item is Behavioral (B), Characterological (C) or Typological (T), and d) whether the item is Affective (A) or Cognitive (C). If the item also has an R at the end of its code, this means the question is reverse scored.