Table 1.
Summary of existing evidence to support carcinogenicity of selected bacterial toxins.
| Toxins | Mechanistic (in vitro/animal) | Human (clinical/epidemiological) | Target organs |
|---|---|---|---|
| CDT | a | b | Oral, enterohepatic, genital |
| CTLP | c | a | Oro-digestive tract/organ |
| PMT | b | c | Ororespiratory tract |
| FadA | a | c | Oral, colorectum |
| Fap2 | c | c | Oral, colorectum |
| Bft | a | a | Colorectum |
| Colibactin | a | a | Colorectum |
| CNF | c | b | Colorectum |
| α-Hemolysin | c | b | Colorectum |
| AvrA | a | b | Colorectum |
a
Strong mechanisms with animal model/association with cancer in multiple studies.
b
Strong mechanisms only/association with cancer from single reports.
c
Suggestive mechanisms only/presence in target organs or in circulation.